Saline soluble inorganic fibers

ABSTRACT

A saline soluble fiber is disclosed that is highly refractory. A vacuum cast preform of the fiber has a shrinkage of 3.5% or less when exposed to 1260° C. for 24 hours. The fiber may comprise CaO, SiO 2 , MgO, optionally ZrO 2 , optionally less than 0.75 mol % Al 2  O 3 , any incidental impurities amounting to less than 2 mol % in total, and in which the SiO 2  excess (defined as the amount of SiO 2  calculated as remaining after the above named constituents are crystallized as silicates) exceeds 21.8 mol %, with the proviso that, if the amount of CaO is greater than the sum of the amount of MgO and twice the amount of ZrO 2  the calculated ratio of diopside to wollastonite does not lie in the range 0.1 to 5.22. Such fibers are usable at elevated temperatures where refractoriness is of importance and their solubility in saline solution may make the fibers safer than non-soluble fibers.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of copending U.S. Ser. No. 08/531,944,filed on Sep. 21, 1995, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 08/204,385, filed Mar. 15, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No.5,750,447, filed Jan. 15, 1994 under the Patent Cooperation Treaty asapplication No. PCT/GB94/00053 designating the United States, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/039,086, filed Apr.9, 1993, now abandoned, filed Jan. 15, 1993 under the Patent CooperationTreaty as application No. PCT/GB93/00085 designating the United States.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to saline soluble, non-metallic, amorphous,inorganic oxide, refractory fibrous materials. The inventionparticularly relates to glassy fibres having silica as their principalconstituent.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Inorganic fibrous materials are well known and widely used for manypurposes (e.g. as thermal or acoustic insulation in bulk, mat, orblanket form, as vacuum formed shapes, as vacuum formed boards andpapers, and as ropes, yarns or textiles; as a reinforcing fibre forbuilding materials; as a constituent of brake blocks for vehicles). Inmost of these applications the properties for which inorganic fibrousmaterials are used require resistance to heat, and often resistance toaggressive chemical environments.

Inorganic fibrous materials can be either glassy or crystalline.Asbestos is an inorganic fibrous material one form of which has beenstrongly implicated in respiratory disease.

It is still not clear what the causative mechanism is that relates someasbestos with disease but some researchers believe that the mechanism ismechanical and size related. Asbestos of a critical size can piercecells in the body and so, through long and repeated cell injury, have abad effect on health. Whether this mechanism is true or not regulatoryagencies have indicated a desire to categorise any inorganic fibreproduct that has a respiratory fraction as hazardous, regardless ofwhether there is any evidence to support such categorisation.Unfortunately for many of the applications for which inorganic fibresare used, there are no realistic substitutes.

Accordingly there is a demand for inorganic fibres that will pose aslittle risk as possible (if any) and for which there are objectivegrounds to believe them safe.

A line of study has proposed that if inorganic fibres were made thatwere sufficiently soluble in physiological fluids that their residencetime in the human body was short; then damage would not occur or atleast be minimised. As the risk of asbestos linked disease appears todepend very much on the length of exposure this idea appears reasonable.Asbestos is extremely insoluble.

As intercellular fluid is saline in nature the importance of fibresolubility in saline solution has long been recognised. If fibres aresoluble in physiological saline solution then, provided the dissolvedcomponents are not toxic, the fibres should be safer than fibres whichare not so soluble. The shorter the time a fibre is resident in the bodythe less damage it can do. H. Forster in `The behaviour of mineralfibres in physiological solutions` (Proceedings of 1982 WHO IARCConference, Copenhagen, Volume 2, pages 27-55 (1988)) discussed thebehaviour of commercially produced mineral fibres in physiologicalsaline solutions. Fibres of widely varying solubility were discussed.

International Patent Application No. WO87/05007 disclosed that fibrescomprising magnesia, silica, calcia and less than 10 wt % alumina aresoluble in saline solution. The solubilities of the fibres disclosedwere in terms of parts per million of silicon (extracted from the silicacontaining material of the fibre) present in a saline solution after 5hours of exposure. The highest value revealed in the examples had asilicon level of 67 ppm. In contrast, and adjusted to the same regime ofmeasurement, the highest level disclosed in the Forster paper wasequivalent to approximately 1 ppm. Conversely if the highest valuerevealed in the International Patent Application was converted to thesame measurement regime as the Forster paper it would have an extractionrate of 901,500 mg Si/kg fibre--i.e. some 69 times higher than any ofthe fibres Forster tested, and the fibres that had the highestextraction rate in the Forster test were glass fibres which had highalkali contents and so would have a low melting point. This isconvincingly better performance even taking into account factors such asdifferences in test solutions and duration of experiment.

International Patent Application No. WO89/12032 disclosed additionalfibres soluble in saline solution and discusses some of the constituentsthat may be present in such fibres. Among such constituents are ZrO₂ andthis document claims (among other things) processes using fibres ofcomposition (in weight %):--ZrO₂ 0.06-10%; SiO₂ 35-70%; MgO 0-50%; CaO0-64.5%. However the patent actually discloses a much more limited rangeof zirconia containing materials and these are listed in Table 1 belowranked on silica content. None of the disclosed zirconia containingcompositions were tested for shrinkage and hence usefulness in hightemperature applications; all that these fibres were tested for wasability to withstand a fire test and Table 1 indicates that the resultsof this test were not very predictable; there does appear to be a trendwith silica content but no trend is discernible with zirconia content.

European Patent Application No. 0399320 disclosed glass fibres having ahigh physiological solubility.

Further patent specifications disclosing selection of fibres for theirsaline solubility are European 0412878 and 0459897, French 2662687 and2662688, PCT WO86/04807 and WO90/02713.

                                      TABLE 1    __________________________________________________________________________        SiO.sub.2            CaO MgO Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                         ZrO.sub.2                             Fire test                                   SiO.sub.2                                        CaO  MgO  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                       ZrO.sub.2    Test        wt %            wt %                wt %                    wt % wt %                             Pass/Fail                                   mol %                                        mol %                                             mol %                                                  mol %                                                       mol %    __________________________________________________________________________    174 63.5            35.55                0.33                    0.88 0.21                             P     61.83                                        37.08                                             0.48 0.5  0.1    178 60  38.3                0.48                    0.36 0.54                             --    58.7 40.14                                             0.7  0.21 0.26    177 59.7            38.7                0.46                    0.34 0.50                             --    58.36                                        40.53                                             0.67 0.20 0.24    176 59.5            39.1                0.42                    0.31 0.42                             --    58.1 40.91                                             0.61 0.18 0.2    182a        59.4            34.9                2.06                    0.38 2.31                             P     58.69                                        36.94                                             3.03 0.22 1.11    181 59.2            36.6                1.13                    0.32 0.83                             P     58.8 38.94                                             1.67 0.19 0.4    179 59.2            37  0.98                    0.35 0.58                             P     58.74                                        39.33                                             1.45 0.2  0.28    175 59.2            39.1                0.41                    0.33 0.4 P     57.99                                        41.03                                             0.6  0.19 0.19    183 59.05            34.84                3.08                    0.3  2.65                             P     57.65                                        36.44                                             4.48 0.17 1.26    186 59.05            36.94                2.57                    0.38 3.27                             P     56.63                                        37.95                                             3.67 0.21 1.53    191 58.6            33.5                2.72                    0.58 3.67                             P     58.21                                        35.65                                             4.03 0.34 1.78    192 58.4            33.2                2.59                    0.65 3.69                             P     58.39                                        35.56                                             3.86 0.38 1.8    189 58.19            35.39                3.26                    0.39 3.36                             --    56.59                                        36.87                                             4.73 0.22 1.59    184 57.96            35.17                3.55                    0.42 3.11                             F     56.44                                        36.69                                             5.15 0.24 1.48    190 57.86            35.66                3.22                    0.36 3.37                             F     56.33                                        37.19                                             4.67 0.21 1.6    185 57.8            34.4                3.74                    0.56 3.12                             F     56.62                                        36.1 5.46 0.32 1.49    188 57.7            36  3   0.2  3.3 P     56.31                                        37.64                                             4.36 0.12 1.57    187 56.88            36.45                4   0.32 3.3 --    54.86                                        37.66                                             5.75 0.18 1.55    193 56.65            31.9                3.35                    3.35 4.5 F     56.66                                        34.18                                             4.99 1.97 2.19    180 54.3            32.75                10.2                    1.29 0.58                             F     51.41                                        33.22                                             14.39                                                  0.72 0.27    182 46.85            29.2                20.6                    2.03 0.84                             F     42.42                                        28.33                                             27.8 1.08 0.37    __________________________________________________________________________

The refractoriness of the fibres disclosed in these various prior artdocuments varies considerably. The maximum service temperature of any ofthe above mentioned fibres (when used as refractory insulation) is up to815° C. (1500° F.).

Among saline soluble commercial fibres usable at temperatures higherthan 815° C. are SUPERWOOL™ a fibre manufactured by The Morgan CrucibleCompany plc and which has a maximum use temperature of 1050° C. and acomposition of SiO₂ 65 wt %; CaO 29 wt %; MgO 5 wt %; Al₂ O₃ 1 wt %. Asimilar fibre is INSULFRAX™ a fibre made by Carborundum Company whichhas a continuous use limit of 1000° C. (1832° F.) and which melts at1260° C. (2300° F.). This has a composition of SiO₂ 65 wt %; CaO 31.1 wt%; MgO 3.2 wt %; Al₂ O₃ 0.3 wt % and Fe₂ O₃ 0.3 wt %.

Use of ZrO₂ as a constituent in aluminosilicate fibres to provide hightemperature resistance is known (see European 0144349). However it is byno means apparent that this effect is transferable to saline solublefibres and the disclosure of International Patent Application No.WO89/12032 discussed above would tend to suggest that it is not.

The applicant's earlier International Patent Application WO93/15028(from which this application claims priority) disclosed saline solublefibres usable at temperatures in excess of 1000° C. but gave noindication that fibres could be used at still higher temperatures. Theapplicants have found that some of the fibres disclosed in WO93/15028(e.g. fibre A2-13 from Table 9 of WO93/15028) are in fact usable attemperatures of up to 1260° C. and even higher. In general theapplicants have found that fibres of specified compositions (includingzirconia containing fibres) are usable at temperatures up to and beyond1260° C. The applicants have realised that failure of fibres at hightemperature occurs primarily upon devitrification of the fibre; if ondevitrification insufficient silica is left the fibres will fail throughhaving a shrinkage of greater than 3.5%. Accordingly the applicants havelooked to what materials are formed on devitrification.

In the following where reference is made to a saline soluble fibre thisis to be taken as meaning a fibre having a total solubility of greaterthan 10 ppm in saline solution as measured by the method describedbelow, and preferably having much higher solubility.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides for use as a refractory fibre attemperatures of 1000° C. or more for a period of 24 hours of aninorganic fibre for which a vacuum cast preform of the fibre has ashrinkage of 3.5% or less when exposed to 1260° C. for 24 hours andcomprising CaO, SiO₂, MgO, optionally ZrO₂, optionally less than 0.75mol % Al₂ O₃, any incidental impurities amounting to less than 2 mol %in total, and in which the SiO₂ excess (defined as the amount of SiO₂calculated as remaining after the above named constituents arecrystallised as silicates) exceeds 21.8 mol %, excluding thosecompositions for which both the amount of CaO is greater than the sum ofthe amount of MgO and twice the amount of ZrO₂, and the calculated ratioof diopside to wollastonite lies in the range from more than 0.1 to5.22. The present invention additionally comprises a method of usingsuch a fibre by selecting it and then subjecting the selected fibre to atemperature of at least 1000° C. for at least 24 hours.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 shows a three axis composition diagram for the constituents CaO,MgO, and ZrO₂ ; this diagram omits all other constituents so that thesum of CaO, MgO, and ZrO₂ at all points is 100%. Silica is in excess atall points as described below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For fibres where CaO>MgO+2ZrO₂ all of the MgO is bound as CaO.MgO.2SiO₂; all of the ZrO₂ is bound as 2CaO.ZrO₂.4SiO₂ ; and any excess CaO isbound as CaSiO₃. These fibres lie in region 1 of FIG. 1 and in thefollowing are referred to as excess CaO fibres.

For fibres where MgO>CaO all of the CaO is bound as CaO.MgO.2SiO₂ ; allof the ZrO₂ is bound as ZrO₂.SiO₂ ; and the excess MgO is bound asMgO.SiO₂. These fibres lie in region 2 of FIG. 1 and in the followingare referred to as excess MgO fibres.

For the fibres in region 3 of FIG. 1 where CaO>MgO and CaO<MgO+2ZrO₂,all of the MgO is bound as CaO.MgO.2SiO₂ ; the rest of the CaO is boundas 2CaO.ZrO₂.4SiO₂ ; and the excess ZrO₂ is bound as ZrO₂.SiO₂. Thesefibres are referred to in the following as excess ZrO₂ fibres.

The applicants have defined a term "SiO₂ excess" which indicates theamount of silica left once the above mentioned constituents (CaO, MgO,and ZrO₂) have crystallised. The value of SiO₂ excess is calculated bysubtracting from the total quantity of silica present that amount thatshould crystallise as silicates with the other constituents CaO, MgO,and ZrO₂ assuming all of the CaO, MgO, and ZrO₂ crystallise as thematerials mentioned above. In most of the compositions studied aluminais present to some extent and so the applicants also assume that aluminacrystallises as Al₂ O₃.SiO₂ and to calculate SiO₂ excess this quantityis subtracted also. Only the above named constituents are used incalculating the SiO₂ excess as other chemical constituents are presentin only small amounts. For other chemical constituents similarconsiderations apply. It has been found by the applicants that when theSiO₂ excess is greater than 21.8 mol % the fibres tend to have aresistance to temperature of up to 1260° C.

The applicants have found that for the excess CaO compositions thesituation is complicated by a eutectic formed between the twocrystalline materials diopside (CaO.MgO.2SiO2) and wollastonite (CaSiO₃)that has a damaging effect on high temperature resistance. Thus thepresent invention excludes those excess CaO compositions that have acalculated diopside to wollastonite ratio in the range from more than0.1 (see fibre E32) to 5.22 (see fibre BZ-421).

The physical basis for the importance of SiO₂ excess may be that itindicates how much silica is left to maintain a glassy phase oncrystallisation of the other constituents as silicate materials.Further, the silicate materials that form on devitrification may becomeliquid or flow at 1260° C. so causing shrinkage.

The quantity of potentially fluxing constituents such as alkali metalsand other incidental impurities (e.g. iron oxides) should be kept low.

The invention further provides a refractory fibre for which a vacuumcast preform of the fibre has a shrinkage of 3.5% or less when exposedto 1260° C. for 24 hours and comprising CaO, SiO₂, MgO, optionally ZrO₂,optionally less than 0.75 mol % Al₂ O₃, any incidental impuritiesamounting to less than 2 mol % in total, in which the amount of CaO isless than the sum of the amount of MgO and twice the amount of ZrO₂ andin which the SiO₂ excess (defined as the amount of SiO₂ calculated asremaining after the above named constituents are crystallised assilicates) exceeds 21.8 mol %.

The applicants have also found that for those fibres that have asatisfactory shrinkage at 1260° C. the saline solubility of the fibresproduced appears to increase with increasing amount of MgO presentwhereas ZrO₂ and Al₂ O₃ are detrimental to solubility. The inventiontherefore also provides preferred saline soluble fibres of thecomposition specified above and in which the MgO excess (defined asMgO--(ZrO₂ +Al₂ O₃)) is greater than 10 mol %, such fibres tending tohave a total solubility of MgO+SiO₂ +CaO of greater than 50 ppm (seebelow for measurement details). More preferably the MgO excess isgreater than 11.2 mol % such fibres tending to have extremely highsolubility of about 100 ppm or more. Yet more advantageously, so far assolubility is concerned, the MgO excess is greater than 15.25 mol %; allof the fibres measured having an MgO excess greater than 15.25 mol % hadsolubilities in excess of 100 ppm.

The applicants have investigated, for their saline solubility andrefractoriness, a range of compositions based on CaO/MgO/SiO₂ fibreswith additional constituents Al₂ O₃, ZrO₂, and TiO₂. These fibres wereformed by blowing the molten constituents from a melt stream in aconventional manner but the invention is not limited to blown fibres andalso encompasses fibres formed by spinning or any other means.

Tables 2 & 3 show the results of these tests. Table 2 indicates for eachthe linear shrinkages at 800, 1000, 1200, and 1260° C. (not all samplesmeasured at every temperature); weight percent composition; mole percentcomposition (based on the constituents CaO, MgO, SiO₂, Al₂ O₃, ZrO₂, andTiO₂); SiO₂ excess (as defined above) and, for the CaO excess fibres,the calculated diopside to wollastonite ratio. Table 3 indicates foreach the weight percent composition; mole percent composition (based onthe constituents CaO, MgO, SiO₂, Al₂ O₃, ZrO₂, and TiO₂); solubilitiesof various constituents; and MgO excess (as defined above). Each samplethat has a satisfactory shrinkage of 3.5% or less at 1260°0 C. isindicated by a composition shown in bold. Those compositions that failto meet the shrinkage criterion are indicated in italics. Othercompositions are shown falling within the described ranges but for whichthe high temperature shrinkage was not measured; these compositions areindicated in plain text. Those compositions where a fibre could not bemade or where the fibre was of too poor a quality for the solubility tobe measured are indicated with X's.

A pattern emerges which is described below with reference to Table 2.

The fibres above and including line A all have a SiO₂ excess of lessthan 21.8 mol % and all (where measured) fail the shrinkage criterionthat a vacuum cast preform of the fibre has a shrinkage of less than3.5% when exposed to 1260° C. for 24 hours.

The fibres above and including line B and below line A all have a TiO₂content of greater than 1.25 mol % and all fail the shrinkage criterion.

The fibres above and including line C and below line B all have a Al₂ O₃content of greater than 0.75 mol % and all fail the shrinkage criterion.

The fibres below line C are grouped according to their relative amountsof CaO, MgO, and ZrO₂ (i.e. as to their positions in FIG. 1).

The fibres above and including line D and below line C are the excessMgO fibres (region 2 of FIG. 1) and are sorted on SiO₂ excess.

The fibres above and including line E and below line D are the excessZrO₂ fibres (region 3 of FIG. 1) and are sorted on SiO₂ excess.

The fibres below line E are the excess CaO fibres and are generallysorted on the diopside to wollastonite ratio.

The fibres above and including line F and below line E are excess CaOfibre for which the diopside to wollastonite ratio is, for many fibres,greater than 5.22.

The fibres above and including line G and below line F are excess CaOfibre for which the diopside to wollastonite ratio is generally lessthan 5.22 but greater than 0.55.

The fibres below line G are excess CaO fibre for which the diopside towollastonite ratio is, for many fibres, less than 0.55.

Looking first to the excess MgO fibres most pass the shrinkage criterionat 1260° C. (where tested). B7D, BZ-440C, B7C, and BZ-4150C all containrelatively high levels of Fe₂ O₃ (1.1 wt % for B7D and 0.6 wt % for theothers).

D3 and D8 contain relatively high levels (0.71 mol % and 0.74 mol %) ofTiO₂ and it may be that this, in combination with other impurities, hasled to failure. It should be noted that D9 has 0.65 mol % TiO₂ and has asatisfactory shrinkage.

BZ-440A, B7A, BZ-4150A, and BZ-560B have varying amounts of Na₂ Opresent (0.3-1.0 wt %) and this may contribute to their failure.

BZ-4150B has a Al₂ O₃ content of 0.64 mol % and fails the shrinkagecriterion. This should be contrasted with BZ-4150 which has a similarcomposition but with only 0.06 mol % Al₂ O₃ and which passes theshrinkage criterion. In further contract BZ-560E has an alumina contentof 0.62 mol % and passes the shrinkage criterion; this composition has amuch higher ZrO₂ content than BZ-4150B and the applicant believe thatthe presence of ZrO₂ allows the fibres to tolerate much higher levels ofimpurities than would otherwise be the case.

D3 only just fails with a shrinkage of 3.8% and B19 only has a shrinkageof 3.6% at 1260° C. and both may in fact be errors in measurement.

Looking next to the excess ZrO₂ fibres all apart from BZ-407, BZ-429 andBZ-430 pass the shrinkage criteria at 1260° C. (where tested). Theseresults may indicate that the incidental impurities (shown as "Others"in Table 2) are having an effect as BZ-429 and BZ-430 show high levelsof impurities (1.1 and 0.9 wt % respectively) that on analysis included0.4 and 0.3 wt % respectively of Na₂ O. BZ-430 only just failed theshrinkage criterion (3.7% shrinkage) and this may be due to error inmeasurement.

Turning now to the excess CaO fibres the pattern is clear but not exact.Fibres that have a diopside to wollastonite ratio of between 5.22 and0.1 fail the shrinkage criterion. Those with a diopside to wollastoniteratio outside this range tend to pass. The fit is not exact and thefibres that fail to meet the shrinkage criterion are the following.

Among the excess CaO fibres with a diopside to wollastonite ratio inexcess of 5.22 those that fail the shrinkage criterion include BZ-418which have low enough shrinkages that they may be the result ofexperimental error and these fibres may in fact have a satisfactoryshrinkage.

BZ-417 and BZ-416 also fail and although initial indicators were thatthis had something to do with the level of CaO this now appears to beincorrect. The failure to meet the shrinkage criterion may be due to thepresence of fluxing constituents or otherwise.

For the excess CaO fibres having a diopside to wollastonite ratio ofless than 0.1 the only fibre proven to fail was fibre E24 which althoughpassing a 1260° C. test failed a 1200° C. test. This result may havebeen due to experimental error, fluxing components, or otherwise.

Table 3 shows the solubilities of the fibres shown in Table 2 but rankedon MgO excess. Although by no means exact it can be seen that there is atrend in total solubility that closely follows MgO excess.

In any event the trend appears to be that excess CaO fibres performpoorly (perhaps due to the formation of CaSiO₃ which is not formed inexcess MgO or excess ZrO₂ fibres) whereas excess MgO and excess ZrO₂fibres perform better. Taken to the extreme this would indicate that ahigh MgO, low CaO, low ZrO₂, low Al₂ O₃ fibre would have very highsolubility and low shrinkage. However the applicant's experience is thatsuch fibres are difficult to form (see Compositions A2-33, A2-32,A2-28). Equally fibres that are too high in SiO₂ are difficult orimpossible to form. The exact boundaries are difficult to ascertain andthis invention only encompasses fibres that meet the above statedshrinkage requirements.

The applicants have tested some fibres to higher temperatures.

Fibres BZ-400, BZ-440, BZ-48, and BZ-54 were tested to 1350° C. and allfailed having shrinkages in excess of 20%.

Fibres BZ-400, BZ-36, BZ-46, and BZ-61 were tested to 1300° C. and hadshrinkages, respectively, of 6.2%, 17.9%, 19.6%, and 3.1%. BZ-61 is inthe excess MgO region and the applicants surmise (since 2CaO.ZrO₂.4SiO₂is not formed in this region) that it is this constituent that causesfailure at 1300° C.

The fact that fibre shrinkage is so dependent on temperature (the fibresfailing over such short temperature ranges as 1260° C. to 1300° C. and1300° C. to 1350° C.) is a clue as to how experimental errors may arise.In a typical experimental furnace running at a nominal 1260° C.temperatures can easily range from 1250° C. to 1270° C. both physically(from front to back or centre to wall of furnace) and in time (as thefurnace controller supplies or stops current to the furnace). A 20° C.temperature difference could easily move a sample from a temperature atwhich it passes to one at which it fails the 3.5% shrinkage criterion.As mentioned above this may explain the shrinkages of just over 3.5%found for compositions B19, D3, BZ-430, BZ-418 and BZ-29.

During the shrinkage tests some of the sample preforms used were alsoinspected to ascertain whether they reacted adversely with the ceramicboards (alumina or mullite boards) on which they rested during the test.It was found that the excess CaO fibres with a diopside to wollastoniteratio of less than 1.8 reacted particularly badly with mullite boardsand further that due to acicular crystal growth the fibres tended tolose strength.

The following describes in detail the methods used to measure shrinkageand solubility.

Shrinkage was measured by proposed ISO standard ISO/TC33/SC2/N220(equivalent to British Standard BS 1920, part 6, 1986) with somemodifications to account for small sample size. The method in summarycomprises the manufacture of vacuum cast preforms, using 75 g of fibrein 500 cm³ of 0.2% starch solution, into a 120×65 mm tool. Platinum pins(approximately 0.1-0.3 mm diameter) were placed 100×45 mm apart in the 4corners. The longest lengths (L1 & L2) and the diagonals (L3 & L4) weremeasured to an accuracy of ±5 μm using a travelling microscope. Thesamples were placed in a furnace and ramped to a temperature 50° C.below the test temperature at 400° C./hour and ramped at 120° C./hourfor the last 50° C. to test temperature and left for 24 hours. Theshrinkage values are given as an average of the 4 measurements.

It should be noted that although this is a standard way of measuringshrinkage of fibre it has an inherent variability in that the finisheddensity of the preform may vary depending on casting conditions. Furtherit should be noted that fibre blanket will usually have a highershrinkage than a preform made of the same fibre. Accordingly the 3.5%figure mentioned in this specification is likely to translate as ahigher shrinkage in finished blanket.

The applicants have looked to the various incidental impurities that canoccur in inorganic oxide refractory fibres (e.g. alkali oxides and ironoxide) and have found that the impurity levels that can be toleratedvary according to the proportions of the main constituents of the fibre.Fibres containing high levels of ZrO₂ for example can tolerate higherlevels of Na₂ O or Fe₂ O₃ than fibres with low levels of ZrO₂.Accordingly the applicants propose a maximum level of incidentalimpurities of 2 mol %, the maximum level that will be tolerable willhowever vary as mentioned above.

Solubility was measured by the following method.

The fibre was first chopped -2.5 g of fibre (deshotted by hand) wasliquidised with 250 cm³ of distilled water in a domestic Moulinex (TradeMark) food blender for 20 seconds. The suspension was then transferredto a 500 cm³ plastic beaker and allowed to settle after which as muchliquid as possible was decanted and the remaining liquid removed bydrying in an oven at 110° C.

The solubility test apparatus comprised a shaking incubator water bath,and the test solution had the following composition:

    ______________________________________    Compound       Name          Grams    ______________________________________    NaCl           Sodium chloride                                 6.780    NH.sub.4 Cl    Ammonium chloride                                 0.540    NaHCO.sub.3    Sodium bicarbonate                                 2.270    Na.sub.2 HPO.sub.4.H.sub.2 O                   Disodium hydrogen                                 0.170                   phosphate    Na.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 O.sub.7.2H.sub.2 O                   Sodium citrate                                 0.060                   dihydrate    H.sub.2 NCH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H                   Glycine       0.450    H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 s.g. 1.84                   Sulphuric acid                                 0.050    ______________________________________

The above materials were diluted to 1 liter with distilled water to forma physiological-like saline solution.

0.500 grams±0.0003 grams of chopped fibre was weighed into a plasticcentrifuge tube and 25 cm³ of the above saline solution added. The fibreand saline solution was shaken well and inserted into the shakingincubator water bath maintained at body temperature (37° C.±1° C.). Theshaker speed was set at 20 cycles/minute.

After the desired period (usually 5 hours or 24 hours) the centrifugetube was removed and centrifuged at 4500 revs/minute for approximately 5minutes. Supernatant liquid was then drawn off using a syringe andhypodermic needle. The needle was then removed from the syringe, airexpelled from the syringe, and the liquid passed through a filter (0.45micron cellulose nitrate membrane filter paper (WCN type from WhatmanLabsales Limited)) into a clean plastic bottle. The liquid was thenanalysed by atomic absorption using a Thermo Jarrell Ash Smith--HiefjeII machine.

The operating conditions were as follows using a nitrous oxide andacetylene flame:

    ______________________________________            WAVELENGTH   BAND    CURRENT    ELEMENT (nm)         WIDTH   (mA)     FLAME    ______________________________________    Al      309.3        1.0     8        Fuel Rich    SiO.sub.2            251.6        0.3     12       Fuel Rich    CaO     422.7        1.0     7        Fuel Lean    MgO     285.2        1.0     3        Fuel Lean    ______________________________________

The procedure and standards adopted for determining the above elementswere as set out below.

SiO₂ can be determined without dilution up to 250 ppm concentration (1ppm 1 mg/Liter). Above this concentration an appropriate dilution wasmade volumetrically. A 0.1% KCl solution (0.1 g in 100 cm³) was added tothe final dilution to prevent ionic interference. If glass apparatus isused, prompt analysis is necessary.

From a stock solution of 1000 ppm pure ignited silica (99.999%) (fusedwith Na₂ CO₃ at 1200° C. for 20 minutes in a platinum crucible (0.2500 gSiO₂ /2 g Na₂ CO₃) and dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid (4 molar)made up to 250 cm³ with distilled water in a plastic volumetric flask)the following standards were produced:

    ______________________________________    STANDARD (ppm SiO.sub.2)                    STOCK SOLUTION (cm.sup.3)    ______________________________________    10.0            1.0    20.0            2.0    30.0            3.0    50.0            5.0    100.0           10.0    250.0           25.0    ______________________________________

Add 0.1% KCl to each standard before making to 100 cm³.

Aluminium may be measured directly from the sample without dilution.Standards of 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm Al may be used. For calibrationreadings are multiplied by 1.8895 to convert from Al to Al₂ O₃.

A standard Al atomic absorption solution (e.g. BDH 1000 ppm Al) wasbought and diluted using an accurate pipette to the desiredconcentration. 0.1% KCl was added to prevent ionic interference.

Calcium may require dilutions on the sample before determination can becarried out (i.e. ×10 and ×20 dilutions). Dilutions must contain 0.1%KCl.

A standard Ca atomic absorption solution (e.g. BDH 1000 ppm Ca) wasdiluted with distilled water and an accurate pipette to give standardsof 0.5, 4.0 and 10.0 ppm. 0.1% KCl is added to prevent ionicinterference. To convert readings obtained from Ca to CaO a factor of1.4 was used.

Magnesium may require dilutions on the sample before determinations canbe made (i.e. ×10 and ×20). Add 0.1% KCl to each dilution. To convert Mgto MgO multiply by 1.658.

A standard Mg atomic absorption solution (e.g. BDH 1000 ppm Mg) wasdiluted with distilled water and an accurate pipette to give standardsof 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0 ppm Mg. 0.1% KCl was added to prevent ionicinterference.

All stock solutions were stored in plastic bottles.

The above has discussed resistance to shrinkage of preforms exposed to1260° C. for 24 hours. This is an indication of the maximum usetemperature of a fibre. In practice fibres are quoted for a maximumcontinuous use temperature and a higher maximum exposure temperature. Itis usual in industry when selecting a fibre for use at a giventemperature to choose a fibre having a higher continuous use temperaturethan that nominally required for the intended use. This is so that anyaccidental increase in temperature does not damage the fibres. It isquite usual for a margin of 100 to 150° C. to be given. Accordingly thisinvention extends to use of the claimed fibres at elevated temperatures(i.e. at temperatures where the refractoriness of fibres is important)and not just to use at 1260° C.

In selecting a fibre a balance has to be struck between refractorinessof the fibre and saline solubility of the fibre. For example theapplicants have found the best high solubility fibre (total solubilitygreater than 100 ppm) is probably composition B7 as that has a shrinkageof 2.7% at 1260° C. In contrast the best refractory fibre is probablyBZ-560 which has a shrinkage of only 2.1% at 1260° C. but has a totalsolubility of only 27 ppm. Although there are other fibres with a lowershrinkage this fibre also has the property of retaining in large partits resilience on firing to 1260° C.--many of the fibres become rigidafter firing due to crystallisation and sintering. It appears that highlevels of ZrO₂ help to overcome this (BZ-560 has 7.64 mol % ZrO₂) but atthe same time reduce solubility.

It will be evident from the above that incidental impurity levels arepreferably kept as low as possible. The applicants surmise that as thevarious crystalline materials crystallise from the fibres impuritiesmigrate to the grain boundaries and concentrate there. Thus a smallimpurity can have a very large effect.

    TABLE 2      -     Diopside      Shrinkage Composition Wt % Composition mol % SiO2 Wollastonite      Comp. 800 C. 1000 C. 1200 C. 1260 C. CaO MgO ZrO2 Al2O3 TiO2 SiO2     Others CaO MgO ZrO2 Al2O3 TiO2 SiO2 Excess Ratio Comments      CAS10 0.6 10.7  10.3 50.8   24.6  23.6  58.82   15.67  25.51 -48.98        BZ-14 36.6    27.1 9.9 10 0.4  51.2 0.7 29.00 14.74 4.87 0.24  51.15     -2.57      CAS4 0.3 31.3  33.7 19.7 0.4 0.2 36.6  42.5 0.5 24.58 0.69 0.11 25.12     49.50 -1.12      BZ-13 14.1    32 5.1 10 0.5  50.9 0.7 35.00 7.76 4.98 0.30  51.96 -1.05      71  51.7   24.04 19.66  0.2  54.68  23.44 26.67  0.11  49.77 -0.45           765  34.2   3.9 35.07  2.12  57.78  3.62 45.26  1.08  50.04 0.07        BZ-24 20.9    22.2 9.9 15 0.3  51.2 0.8 24.46 15.18 7.52 0.18  52.66     0.68      BZ-23 6.4 40.2  49.1 26.5 5 14.9 0.5  51.4 0.8 29.95 7.86 7.66 0.31     54.22 0.77      734  39.3   26.62 17.05 0.05 1  56.58  25.66 22.87 0.02 0.53  50.92     1.81      973  34.9   24.45 16.81 0.05 0.5  56.18  24.31 23.25 0.02 0.27  52.14     4.26      971  41.7   23.92 17.36 0.05 0.74  56.82  23.56 23.79 0.02 0.40  52.23     4.47      BZ-27 2.6 10.1  19 23.8 5.1 14.8 0.4  53.9 0.7 27.00 8.05 7.64 0.25     57.07 6.49      BZ-10 27.8   44.7 27.1 10 5 0.4  56 0.6 28.29 14.53 2.38 0.23  54.58     6.77      708 8.7 1.1   42.79 0.77    55.22  44.85 1.12    54.03 8.05      A2-19  4.7   18.48 19.74  0.54  58.71  18.29 27.18  0.29  54.24 8.47         A2-18  36.2   26.29 13.01  0.66  56.96  26.85 18.48  0.37  54.30     8.59      BZ-28 5.9    19.4 9.9 15.1 0.3  54.5 0.6 21.30 15.12 7.55 0.18  55.85     8.62      B3-3 34.7 0.3   36.07 4.44 1.46 0.58  55.99  37.77 6.47 0.70 0.33     54.73 8.76      BZ-9 31.5   43.9 31.8 5 5.1 0.6  56 0.6 33.95 7.43 2.48 0.35  55.80     9.12      B3-26 26.6 39.8   30.5 9.44  0.62  56.98  31.39 13.52  0.35  54.74 9.48      BZ-21 3.1 11.9  16.8 22.3 5 15.2 0.3  56.4 0.7 25.06 7.82 7.77 0.19     59.16 10.55      A2-23 10.7 18.9   18.59 18.78 0.05 0.48  60.2  18.37 25.82 0.02 0.26     55.53 11.06      BZ-12 7.4   14.8 21.3 9.7 10.2 0.3  57.8 0.8 22.77 14.42 4.96 0.18     57.67 11.17      A2-24 12.3 3.3   13.62 22.74 0.08 0.31  61.38  13.25 30.79 0.04 0.17     55.76 11.51      932  12.8   21.6 15.65 0.11 1.5  59.85  21.58 21.75 0.05 0.82  55.80     11.60      714 1.2 0.7   32 8.27    59.05  32.45 11.67    55.89 11.78      BZ-11 6.6 17.2  22 26.2 5 10.2 0.4  57.4 0.8 28.60 7.59 5.07 0.24     58.49 11.92      660  24.7   34.65 4.83  1.15  57.74  36.13 7.01  0.66  56.20 12.40           712 3.4 4.4   35.39 4.61  0.06  57.54  37.04 6.71  0.03  56.21     12.43      B3-20  30.9   32.7 6.07  0.91  57.57  34.28 8.85  0.52  56.34 12.68          A2-25  6.1   10.99 24.18 0.07 0.33  62.36  10.66 32.64 0.03 0.18     56.48 12.97      BZ-25 2.2 3.9  11.6 20.7 5.2 15.5 0.3  57.3 0.7 23.35 8.16 7.96 0.19     60.34 13.09      694 1.9 1.6   33.1 6.02 0.17 0.27  58.39  34.41 8.71 0.08 0.15  56.65     13.23      A2-11 1.1 1.8   24.28 13.24 0.08 0.25  60.32  24.48 18.57 0.04 0.14     56.77 13.51      B3-21  30.3   36.62 2.43 0.08 0.73  57.38  38.96 3.60 0.04 0.43  56.98     13.92      692  2.1   34.34 5.44 0.17 0.13  59.82  35.08 7.73 0.08 0.07  57.04     14.00      B8 2.8 2.9  6.9 18.8 17.9 0.3 0.2  63 0.2 18.30 24.24 0.13 0.11  57.23     14.46      BZ-22 7.6 20.7  21.3 17.1 9.8 15.2 0.4  56.7 0.7 18.83 15.02 7.62 0.24     58.29 14.67      E21 1.4 3.4 5.6  39.1 0.7  0.6  58.2 0.5 41.28 1.03  0.35  57.35 14.70       B3-25  2.3   28.15 9.22  0.48  59.53  29.08 13.25  0.27  57.40 14.80        586 1.6 1.9   35.03 3.9  0.13  58.65  36.77 5.69  0.08  57.46 14.92        A2-14  1.8   25.3 11.66 0.16 0.28  60.74  25.70 16.48 0.07 0.16     57.59 15.11      A2-35 7.1 7.3   8.88 24.88 0.47 0.29  64.12  8.56 33.37 0.21 0.15     57.71 15.41      924 3 0.3   19.78 14.54 0.66 2.57  61.32  19.99 20.44 0.30 1.43  57.84     15.68      696 1.4 0.3   30.91 6.15 0.24 0.21  58.81  32.68 9.05 0.12 0.12  58.04     15.96      757 2.9 1.3   20.92 15.22  0.2  62.6  20.79 21.04  0.11  58.06 16.13         A2-34 3.9 3.4   6.63 26.2 0.8 0.23  64.85  6.37 35.01 0.35 0.12     58.15 16.29      A2-12 2.3 1   16.55 18 0.05 0.33  63.56  16.37 24.76 0.02 0.18  58.67     17.34      BZ-49 2.3 14   20.9 4.9 13.2 0.3  59.5 0.7 23.37 7.62 6.72 0.18  62.10     17.49      A2-30 1.6 2.7   16.06 18.21  0.4  63.68  15.89 25.07  0.22  58.82 17.64      A2-7  1.4   23.37 11.98 0.23 0.44  61.98  23.79 16.97 0.11 0.25  58.89     17.68      B9 1.7 2.2  5 18.1 17.1 0.1 0.2  64.4 0.2 17.72 23.29 0.04 0.11  58.84     17.69      A2-21 3.3 3.2   13.74 19.98 0.13 0.34  64.16  13.51 27.34 0.06 0.18     58.90 17.81      BZ-411 4.2 7.7   20.3 9.8 7.1 0.2  61.6 0.4 21.42 14.39 3.41 0.12     60.67 17.93      BZ-427 3.7 9.6   19.6 9.7 8.1 0.2  60.8 0.6 20.93 14.41 3.94 0.12     60.60 17.95      B3-1  0.5   32.56 3.8 0.82 0.79  60.11  34.36 5.58 0.39 0.46  59.21     18.02      B3-1A 1.7 2.5   32.27 3.99 0.09 1.74  60.32  33.92 5.84 0.04 1.01     59.19 18.34      BZ-47 1.2 10.4   18.9 5 15.2 0.3  59 0.7 21.47 7.90 7.86 0.19  62.57     18.36      B3-9 1.7 1.6   34.49 2.5 0.49 0.76  60.28  36.35 3.67 0.24 0.44  59.31     18.38      BZ-2 1.7 3.1  7.7 21.7 9.6 5.2 0.5  61.9 0.5 22.73 13.99 2.48 0.29     60.52 18.55      B5 1.4 1.8  6 19.9 15.1 0.1 0.2  64.2 0.4 19.71 20.80 0.05 0.11  59.34     18.68      E22 1.5 1.6 4.5 5.6 37.1 0.7 0.1 0.6  60.2 0.5 39.20 1.03 0.05 0.35     59.37 18.70      B3-24 1.2 1.8   25.53 9.73  0.58  61.62  26.35 13.97  0.33  59.36 18.71      B12 1.9 1.8  7.9 22 13.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 63.5 0.2 22.03 18.39 0.05 0.11     0.07 59.35 18.73      BZ-1 1.7 4 6.6  26.6 5.2 5.1 0.5  60.3 0.7 28.69 7.80 2.50 0.30  60.71     18.91      B3-29  0.9   36 0.68 0.17 0.92  59.4  38.72 1.02 0.08 0.54  59.63 19.19      A2-9 0.9 1.9   21.44 12.96  1.49  63.66  21.50 18.08  0.82  59.59 19.19      BZ-41 7.9 8.1   23.1 9.8 3 0.4  62.5 0.6 23.90 14.11 1.41 0.23  60.36     19.30      BZ-428 1.4 3.3 3.7 4.1 18.9 9.8 8 0.3  61.3 1 20.20 14.57 3.89 0.18     61.16 19.50      BZ-406 3 8.2   20.2 9.8 6.4 0.2  62.6 0.3 21.20 14.31 3.06 0.12  61.32     19.59      BZ-26 2.7 19.4  19.7 15.2 9.9 15.3 0.2  58.5 0.6 16.77 15.19 7.68 0.12     60.24 19.69      722  1.3   31.08 5.25  0.05  61.33  32.49 7.64  0.03  59.85 19.69            BZ-51 0.4 5.7   17.6 4.9 17.5 0.2  59.1 0.6 20.08 7.78 9.09 0.13     62.93 19.72      725  0.6   28.13 7.54  0.1  61.83  29.18 10.88  0.06  59.88 19.75            BZ-39 6.8 7.8  17.1 21.2 9.8 5.1 0.3  62.8 0.6 22.10 14.21 2.42     0.17  61.10 19.78      BZ-40 6.2 8.9  18.3 20.9 9.8 5 0.4  62.4 0.6 21.94 14.31 2.39 0.23     61.13 19.88      BZ-5 1.4 6.2  9 22.1 4.9 10.3 0.3  60.8 0.6 24.41 7.53 5.18 0.18  62.69     20.21      B16 1.7 1.5  4.3 15.1 18.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 66 0.2 14.78 24.65 0.13 0.05     0.07 60.31 20.69      BZ-57 2 6.6   16.1 9.7 13.2 0.3  60.3 0.6 17.49 14.66 6.53 0.18  61.14     20.87      BZ-412 2 3.2  6.3 19.2 9.7 7.1 0.2  62.9 0.5 20.26 14.24 3.41 0.12     61.97 20.92      BZ-405 1.6 3.9  11 20.1 9.9 5.4 0.3  63.2 0.5 21.05 14.42 2.57 0.17     61.78 20.99      B3-3A 15.3 43.3   31.64 0.67 0.41 5.91  59.54  34.55 1.02 0.20 3.55     60.68 21.16      BZ-55 1.3 8.4   14.6 9.8 15.5 0.2  59 0.5 16.14 15.07 7.80 0.12  60.87     21.21      BZ-43 4.4 4.9   19 9.7 7.1 0.3  63 0.4 20.06 14.25 3.41 0.17  62.10     21.29      B3-11  0.9   33.25 2.33 0.59 0.69  61.71  35.10 3.42 0.28 0.40  60.80     21.31      BZ-45 0.8 2.7  5 19.3 4.8 13.1 0.4  61.3 0.6 21.59 7.47 6.67 0.25     64.02 21.37      BZ-6 2.2 3.9  4.7 17.2 9.8 10.3 0.2  61.8 0.5 18.43 14.61 5.02 0.12     61.82 21.72  A      BT-3 0.6 0.8  27.2 22.3 4.9 0.3 0.4 6.6 64.1 0.3 23.74 7.26 0.15 0.23     4.93 63.69 32.17      BT-2 0.4 0.9  24.9 23.7 4.9 0.1 0.4 4.8 64.9 0.3 25.02 7.20 0.05 0.23     3.56 63.95 31.41      BZT-2  0.5  19.6 19.2 4.9 6.7 0.3 3.6 64.3 0.4 20.92 7.43 3.32 0.18     2.75 65.40 30.22      BT-1 0.6 1.1  20 26.2 4.9 0.1 0.4 2.8 64.3 0.4 27.50 7.16 0.05 0.23     2.06 63.00 28.02      D12 0.5 0.8  4.8 13.7 10.4 5.3 0.1 2.7 67.6 0.3 14.33 15.13 2.52 0.06     1.98 65.98 33.95      D11 0.6 0.9  8.6 14.4 11.1 5.3 0.1 2.7 66.4 0.3 11.97 16.06 2.51 0.06     1.97 64.44 30.85      D10 1.1 1.3  4.6 15.7 11.7 4.9 0.1 2.7 64.7 0.3 16.26 16.86 2.31 0.06     1.96 62.55 27.06      D5 0.6 0.8  5.2 14.3 11.7 5.4 0.1 2 66.4 0.4 14.82 16.87 2.55 0.06 1.46     64.25 29.95      BZT-1 0.9 1.3  29.5 24.3 4.9 3.3 0.4 1.9 64 0.5 25.88 7.26 1.60 0.23     1.42 63.61 27.04      D4 0.9 1.6  7.2 16.4 12.2 5.4 0.2 1.8 62.8 0.3 17.11 17.71 2.56 0.11     1.32 61.17 23.67  B      KW-1    4.9 2.9 0.1 0.1 44.5  51.7 0.2 3.82 0.18 0.06 32.28  63.65     27.24      B3-6A 18.8 21.6   24.83 4.59 0.15 5.7  63.24  26.57 6.83 0.07 3.35     63.17 26.26      B3-2A 3.3 7.5   32.3 0.48 0.12 4.15  60.83  35.08 0.73 0.06 2.48  61.66     23.26      B3-5A 4.3 7.4   25.41 4.68 0.58 3.97  63.74  27.07 6.94 0.28 2.33     63.39 26.49      B3-4A 1 1.4   25.81 4.88 0.24 2.05  65.5  27.18 7.15 0.12 1.19  64.37     28.63      BZ-440E    11.4 16.9 6.5 5.8 1.7 0.1 68.4 0.4 18.09 9.68 2.83 1.00 0.08     68.33 33.92      BZ-560F    6 11.4 9.1 15 1.5 0.1 61.7 0.5 12.76 14.17 7.64 0.92 0.08     64.44 28.96      BZA-6   3.9  17.2 11.9 3.4 1.4  65.4 0.4 17.71 17.05 1.59 0.79  62.86     25.38      BZA-3   3.2  18.6 12.4 0.6 1.4  65.8 0.3 18.92 17.55 0.28 0.78  62.47     24.67  C      B6 1.1 1.1 2.9 3.5 19.2 14.2 0.1 0.2  66.1 0.4 19.05 19.60 0.05 0.11     61.20 22.41      D7 0.7 1.1 2.2 2.7 18.5 13.5 1.7 0.2 1 65.1 0.2 18.57 18.85 0.78 0.11     0.70 60.99 22.68      B10 1.6 1.6 2.6 3.2 16.8 15.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 67.1 0.2 16.49 21.71 0.13     0.11 0.07 61.48 23.04      A2-10 1.9 2.2 2.2 3 16.22 15.8  0.49  66.17  16.18 21.93  0.27  61.62     23.24      BZ-59 1 2.8  2.9 12.4 10 17.5 0.2  59.2 0.7 13.83 15.52 8.88 0.12     61.64 23.28      B7D    12.6 18.3 13.8 0.8 0.2 0.1 65.5 1.3 18.45 19.36 0.37 0.11 0.07     61.64 23.36  1.1% Fe2O3      A2-5 1 1.9   18.74 13.78 0.14 0.18  65.69  18.85 19.29 0.06 0.10  61.69     23.39      A2-31 1.9 2.3   8.45 21.72 0.64 0.32  67.62  8.26 29.55 0.28 0.17     61.73 23.46      D1 1 1.7  7.2 16.3 12.5 5.6 0.1 1 63.3 0.3 16.96 18.10 2.65 0.06 0.73     61.50 23.72      A2-8  1.5   16.86 14.24 1.17 0.22  65.33  17.15 20.15 0.54 0.12  62.03     24.06      BZ-441 0.7 1.7  2.5 15 11.2 11 0.1  62.4 0.5 15.98 16.60 5.33 0.06     62.04 24.07      A2-13 1.7 1.6  2.6 14.87 16.01 0.92 0.11  66.67  14.89 22.31 0.42 0.06     62.32 24.64      BZ-440A    5.7 16.4 12.6 5.3 0.1 0.1 64.6 0.7 16.95 18.12 2.49 0.06     0.07 62.31 24.70  0.4% Na2O      B7A    6.7 18.3 13.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 66.8 0.6 18.29 19.05 0.14 0.11 0.07     62.33 24.74  0.3% Na2O      BZ-440C    4.8 16.2 12.6 5.3 0.1 0.1 64.3 0.8 16.82 18.21 2.51 0.06     0.07 62.33 24.74  0.6% Fe2O3      B7C    3.9 18 13.8 0.2 0.1  66.6 0.7 18.09 19.29 0.09 0.06  62.47 24.94      0.6% Fe2O3      BZ-4150C    4.9 15.5 11.9 7.5 0.1 0.1 63.9 0.8 16.27 17.38 3.58 0.6     0.07 62.63 25.33  0.6% Fe2O3      D8 1.3 1.4  4.3 16.9 13.2 1.8 0.4 1 66.2 0.2 17.11 18.59 0.83 0.22 0.71     62.54 25.80      B19 1.1 1.5  3.6 13.9 16.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 68.7 0.1 13.65 22.95 0.31 0.05     0.07 62.97 26.00      BZ-4150B    7.3 15.3 11.5 7.1 1.1 0.1 64.2 0.4 16.08 16.82 3.40 0.64     0.07 62.99 26.06      BZ-20 0.8 1.5  2.3 12.4 9.9 15.8 0.2  61.5 0.5 13.64 15.16 7.91 0.12     63.17 26.33      B7 1.2 1.3 2.8 2.7 17.9 13.1 0.8 0.3  67.8 0.2 17.91 18.24 0.36 0.17     63.32 26.65      B11 1 1.2 2.7 2.5 15.8 15 0.4 0.2 0.1 68.6 0.2 15.63 20.65 0.18 0.11     0.07 63.36 26.79      BZ-4150A    4.6 15.3 11.5 7.2 0.2 0.1 64.5 0.7 16.11 16.85 3.45 0.12     0.07 63.40 26.87  0.3% Na2O      BZ-440 0.7 1.4 2.3 2.1 15.9 12.1 5.2 0.2  65.7 0.4 16.47 17.44 2.45     0.11  63.53 27.05      BZ-4150  1.9 2.7 3.2 15.2 11.7 7.4 0.1 0.1 65.3 0.5 15.85 16.97 3.51     0.06 0.07 63.54 27.16      D2 0.8 1.1 2.3 3.5 15.4 11.6 5.8 0.2 1 65 0.3 16.10 16.87 2.76 0.11     0.73 63.42 27.58      BZ-437 0.2 0.9  2 15 12.2 6.1 0.1  65.7 0.3 15.60 17.66 2.89 0.06     63.79 27.59      A2-33     4.61 22.85 1.01 0.25  70.04  4.50 31.05 0.45 0.13  63.86     27.72      BZ-54 0.3 1.4 1.7 1.9 10.5 9.9 17.6 0.1  61.4 0.6 11.71 15.36 8.93 0.06      63.93 27.86      B17 0.9 1.4  3.2 14.2 15.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 69.1 0.2 14.14 21.47 0.05 0.05     0.07 64.22 28.51      A2-26 1.5 1.5   8.12 19.26 0.98 0.29  68.65  8.15 26.90 0.45 0.16     64.34 28.67      BZ-560E    3.5 11.9 9 15.1 1 0.1 61.6 0.4 13.31 14.00 7.69 0.62 0.08     64.31 28.69      A2-20 1 1.1   11.58 16.57 0.91 0.4  68.19  11.71 23.30 0.42 0.22  64.35     28.69      BZ-58 0.2 1.1  2.1 12.5 10 13.6 0.3  63.5 0.6 13.58 15.12 6.73 0.18     64.40 28.80      759 1.1 1.7   17.45 12.6    68.33  17.67 17.75    64.58 29.16      A2-29 1.5 1.8   4.46 22.31 1.23 0.19  71.24  4.34 30.23 0.55 0.10     64.77 29.55      BZ-560B    5.7 12 9.1 15.1  0.1 62.3 1.5 13.37 14.11 7.66  0.08 64.79     29.66  1% Na2O      BZ-560C    2 11.7 9.1 15.6 0.1 0.1 62.7 0.9 12.98 14.05 7.88 0.06 0.08     64.95 29.97      BZ-610  1.6 2.8 2.6 13.1 10.6 10.2 0.3 0.1 65.2 0.5 14.00 15.76 4.96     0.18 0.08 65.03 30.14      BZ-560A    3.1 11.7 9.1 15 0.1 0.1 62.5 0.8 13.05 14.12 7.61 0.06 0.08     65.07 30.22      BZ-560  1.1 1.8 2.1 11.7 9 15.1 0.1 0.1 62.9 0.5 13.01 13.92 7.64 0.06     0.08 65.29 30.65      D9  1.1  3.1 15.9 12 1.87 0.1 0.9 68.2 0.2 16.26 17.07 0.87 0.06 0.65     65.10 30.84      BZ-56 0.1 0.5  2.2 10.4 9.8 15.7 0.1  63.7 0.5 11.47 15.03 7.88 0.06     65.56 31.12      A2-27 1.2 1.2   6.77 19.64 1.01 0.24  71.14  6.70 27.03 0.45 0.13     65.69 31.38      BZ-61 0.2 1 2 2 13.2 9.7 11 0.1  65.6 0.4 14.20 14.51 5.38 0.06  65.85     31.70      A2-6  1.5   15.17 12.76 1.13 0.07  69.29  15.46 18.09 0.52 0.04  65.89     31.79      D3 0.3 0.8  3.8 13.6 11.3 5.7 0.1 1 67.3 0.3 14.24 16.46 2.72 0.06 0.74     65.79 32.31      BZ-60 0.1 0.4  1.7 8.1 9.7 18.2 0.1  63.1 0.4 9.12 15.19 9.32 0.06     66.30 32.61      A2-32     6.36 19.6 0.36 0.23  73.09  6.23 26.70 0.16 0.12  66.79 33.59      A2-17  1.3   11.58 14.52 1.58 0.15  70.43  11.78 20.55 0.73 0.08  66.86     33.72      A2-22  1.1   9.36 16.34 0.83 0.33  71.48  9.42 22.88 0.38 0.18  67.14     34.28      BZ-63 0.3 0.8  2.4 13.1 9.8 8.6 0.1  67.4 0.4 13.99 14.56 4.18 0.06     67.20 34.41      BZ-8 0.4   2.7 11.4 9.9 10.8 0.2  67.8 0.5 12.19 14.73 5.26 0.12  67.70     35.39      A2-15  1.1   12.67 12.35 1.24 0.11  72.25  12.94 17.55 0.58 0.06  68.88     37.75      A2-16  0.7   12.4 10.09 2.23 0.19  73.43  12.90 14.61 1.06 0.11  71.32     42.65      A2-28     2.07 17.15 1.76 0.15  78.07  2.08 23.93 0.80 0.08  73.10     46.20  D      BZ-407 1 2.1  4.6 19 9.7 6.5 0.2  63.5 0.4 20.03 14.23 3.12 0.12  62.50     22.10      BZ-429 0.7 1.8  4.1 17.8 9.7 8.1 0.2  62.4 1.1 19.07 14.46 3.95 0.12     62.40 22.50  0.4% Na2O      BZ-19 0.7 1.1  2.2 17.4 5.1 15.4 0.3  60.8 0.6 19.68 8.02 7.93 0.19     64.18 22.54      BZ-413 1.1 2.1  2.8 18.5 9.8 7.4 0.2  64.2 0.4 19.36 14.27 3.53 0.12     62.72 22.90      BZ-38 1.4 1.9  2.9 17.2 11.2 6.7 0.2  63.5 0.4 18.06 16.36 3.20 0.12     62.25 23.65      BZ-53 1.1 2.8 2.3 3.3 14.5 10 13.3 0.1  61.2 0.5 15.82 15.18 6.60 0.06     62.33 24.35      BZ-430 0.8 1.7  3.7 17 9.7 8.5 0.2  63.2 0.9 18.19 14.44 4.14 0.12     63.12 24.36  0.3% Na2O      BZ-408 0.6 1.1  3.3 18.4 9.1 6.6 0.2  64.8 0.4 19.44 13.37 3.17 0.12     63.90 24.76      BZ-414 0.3 1.4 1.7 1.9 17.5 9.9 7.4 0.2  65 0.4 18.34 14.43 3.53 0.12     63.58 25.21      BZ-50 0.4 1.1  3.1 17.3 5 13.7 0.2  62.7 0.6 19.41 7.80 7.00 0.12     65.67 25.53      BZ-62 0.6 1.8  2.3 15.4 9.9 10.7 0.1  62.9 0.9 16.59 14.84 5.25 0.06     63.26 25.64      BZ-401 0.7 1.4  2.7 18.2 9.7 5.4 0.3  65.7 0.5 19.03 14.11 2.57 0.17     64.12 25.78      BZ-435 0.3 1.4  1.5 16.6 11.3 5.3 0.6  64.9 0.7 17.36 16.44 2.52 0.35     63.34 26.22      BZA-5   2.7  17.1 11.9 3.1 1 0.1 65.7 0.4 17.63 17.07 1.45 0.57 0.07     63.21 26.22      BZ-409 0.7 1  3 17.4 9.9 6.8 0.2  65.8 0.4 18.16 14.38 3.23 0.11  64.11     26.33      BZ-431  1.2  2.6 16.1 9.8 8.6 0.2  63.9 0.6 17.24 14.60 4.19 0.12     63.86 26.40      BZA-4   2.6  17 11.9 3.1 0.7  65.8 0.4 17.57 17.11 1.46 0.40  63.47     26.71      BZ-46 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.8 14.9 4.9 17.3 0.3  61.2 0.7 17.15 7.85 9.06 0.19     65.75 26.85      BZ-403 0.5 1  2.4 17.4 10 5.8 0.2  66.1 0.4 18.17 14.53 2.76 0.11     64.43 27.04      BZ-433 1.3 1.1  2.2 16.2 11.5 5.4 0.2  65.8 0.9 16.84 16.63 2.56 0.11     63.85 27.60      BZ-400 0.6 1.3 1.7 2.3 17.1 9.7 5.4 0.2  66.6 0.4 17.94 14.16 2.58 0.12      65.21 28.53      BZ-415 0.6 1.3  2.2 16 10 7 0.5  66.5 0.4 16.76 14.58 3.34 0.29  65.03     28.98      BZ-410 0.6 1  1.6 16.4 9.8 6.6 0.1  66.8 0.4 17.18 14.28 3.15 0.06     65.33 29.21      BZ-419 0.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 17 9.9 4.6 0.2  67.2 0.4 17.76 14.39 2.19 0.11     65.54 29.40      BZ-36  0.5 0.7 1.3 16.5 5 12.6 0.2  64.9 0.6 18.36 7.74 6.38 0.12     67.40 29.49      BZ-48 0.3 0.5 1 0.9 15.1 4.9 15.1 0.3  63.6 0.6 17.10 7.72 7.78 0.19     67.22 29.74      BZ-4 0.5   1.6 16.2 9.7 5.7 0.5  67.4 0.5 16.97 14.13 2.72 0.29  65.89     30.37      BZ-404 0.4 1.2  1.9 16.1 10 5.4 0.1  67.7 0.4 16.82 14.53 2.57 0.06     66.02 30.90      BZ-52 0.3 0.5  0.6 13.4 5 17.5 0.2  62.8 0.6 15.39 7.99 9.15 0.13     67.34 30.98      BZ-420 0.5 1.3  1.9 16.4 9.9 4.7 0.2 0.1 68.3 0.3 17.04 14.31 2.22 0.11     0.07 66.24 31.19      BZ-44 0.7 1.1 2.9 2.4 14.8 9.6 7 0.3  67.3 0.4 15.69 14.16 3.38 0.17     66.60 32.43      BZ-7 0.3   1.3 16.3 5 10.7 0.3  67.1 0.5 17.93 7.65 5.36 0.18  68.88     32.63      BZ-426  1  2 16.3 9.8 3.6 0.2  69.4 0.3 16.90 14.13 1.70 0.11  67.16     32.93      BZ-438 0.2 0.6  1.7 14.8 8.5 5.6 0.1  69.4 0.3 15.74 12.58 2.71 0.06     68.91 36.23  E      BZ-35 0.2 0.9  1.7 18.1 5 12.2 0.2  63.2 0.5 20.20 7.80 6.20 0.10     65.80 25.30 * * *      BZ-402 0.6 1.1  2.7 18.1 9.4 5.1 0.2  65.8 0.4 19.00 13.80 2.40 0.10     64.60 26.90 34.50      BZ-425 0.7 1.1  2.2 17 9.7 3.4 0.2  68.5 0.3 17.70 14.00 1.60 0.10     66.50 31.50 28.00      BZ-418 0.5 1.1  3.6 18.3 10 4.1 0.2  66.8 0.4 19.00 14.40 1.90 0.10     64.60 27.30 18.00      BZ-416 1 0.9  4.7 19.3 9.8 5.2 0.2  64.7 0.4 29.10 14.20 2.50 0.10     63.00 23.60 15.78      BZ-16 1.2   1.9 19.2 9.7 5.2 0.3  64.9 0.4 20.00 14.10 2.50 0.20  63.20     23.90 15.67      BZA-2   2.8  18.5 12.2 0.6 1  66.4 0.3 18.80 17.30 0.30 0.60  63.10     25.80 19.22      BZA-1   2.6  18.5 12.2 0.6 0.6  67.1 0.3 18.70 17.20 0.30 0.30  63.50     26.70 19.11      BZ-160 0.8 1.3 2 3.1 19.3 9.7 5.1 0.3 0.1 64.8 0.4 20.10 14.10 2.40     0.20 0.10 63.10 23.90 11.75      B4 1 0.9 2 2.7 18.8 12.2 0.7 0.2  66.8 0.7 19.10 17.20 0.30 0.10  63.30     26.30 13.23      BZ-424 0.9 1.5  2.4 18.4 9.9 3.5 0.2  67.1 0.3 19.10 14.30 1.70 0.10     64.90 28.00 10.21      BZ-29 0.1  1.9 3.6 18.1 5 10.2 0.9  64.8 0.6 20.00 7.70 5.10 0.50     66.70 28.30      3.67                                                         BZ-417 0.8     1.1  8.4 19.4 9.7 4.1 0.2  66.1 0.4 20.10 14.00 1.90 0.10  63.90 25.90     6.09      BZ-423 0.2 1.3  3.4 19.1 9.8 3.5 0.2  66.9 0.4 19.70 14.10 1.60 0.10     64.50 27.40      5.88                                                         BZ-421 1.5     2.9  6 20.1 9.8 4.3 0.9  64.7 0.5 29.80 14.10 2.00 0.50  62.50 23.10     5.22      BZ-17 0.7 1  3.2 19 5 10.4 0.4  63.8 0.6 21.00 7.70 5.20 0.20  65.80     26.50      2.66     BZ-42 0.9 0.9  2.6 19.1 9.9 3 0.2  66.7 0.5 19.80 14.30 1.40 0.10  64.40     27.40      5.30     BZ-422 0.9 1.8  10.4 20.2 9.8 3.6 0.2  65.3 0.4 29.90 14.10 1.70 0.10     63.10 24.60      4.15                                                         B13 0.6 1     14 21.3 12.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 65.6 0.3 21.30 17.10 0.30 0.10 0.10 61.20 22.10      4.75      BZ-31 0.2 0.4  2.2 18.3 5.1 8.6 0.3  66.5 0.6 20.00 7.80 4.30 0.20     67.80 31.20      2.17 F                                                       BZ-30 0.6     1.7  5.7 20.2 5 10.3 0.4  63.4 0.6 22.10 7.60 5.10 0.20  64.90 24.80     1.77      BZ-432 0.7 0.9  6 20 8 5.5 0.2  65.1 0.6 21.20 11.80 2.60 0.10  64.30     26.00      2.81     BZ-4340 1.4 1.4  20.7 21 8.3 5.6   63.5  22.30 12.20 2.70   62.80 22.90     2.60      BZ-37 1.5 2.1  11 21.1 9.8 3.2 0.3  64.2 0.5 21.90 14.20 1.50 0.20     62.20 22.90      3.02                                                         B14 1 0.9     5 20.3 11.4  0.2 0.1 67.1 0.2 20.50 16.00  0.10 0.10 63.30 26.70  3.55        BZ-33 0.3 0.7  4 20.3 5 8.2 0.3  65 0.6 22.10 7.60 4.10 0.20  66.10     28.00      1.21                                                               B18     1.1 1  12.2 22.8 10.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 64.8 0.2 23.30 14.50 0.20 0.20 0.10     61.80 23.40      1.73                                                         BZ-34 0.6     1.1  5 22.2 4.9 8.1 0.3  63.2 0.6 24.20 7.40 4.00 0.20  64.20 24.40     0.84      B3-22 0.8 1.1   21.28 9.34 0.54 0.52  66.17  22.00 13.50 0.30 0.30     64.00 27.60      1.71                                                         B21 0.6     0.5  7.1 22.3 9.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 67.1 0.2 22.70 13.20 0.30 0.10 0.10 63.70     27.10      1.48     B3-23  1   23.26 9.33 0.3 0.56  64.09  24.10 13.40 0.10 0.30  62.00     24.00      1.28     B3-28  0.2   18.74 7.03 0.75 0.47  70.81  19.70 10.30 0.40 0.30  69.40     38.30      1.20     B3-27 0.7 0.8   20.98 7 0.79 0.78  68.56  22.96 10.20 0.40 0.40  67.00     33.60      0.93     BZ-15 1.2 1.3  9 24.1 5 5.2 0.3  63.8 0.6 25.96 7.50 2.50 0.20  63.90     25.30      0.56 G                                                             719     0.5   25.69 8.12    65.77  26.16 11.50    62.40 24.80      0.79               718  0.4   27.14 6.95 0.49   65.23  27.76 9.90 0.20      62.20 24.20      0.57                                                        B3-14  1     24.91 5.54 0.61 0.58  65.11  26.56 8.20 0.30 0.30  64.70 29.10  0.46          721 0.6 0.3   27.26 5.33  0.06  65.08  28.66 7.80    63.60 27.20     0.38      723 0.5 0.4   29.79 5.44    62.61  31.16 7.90    61.00 22.00  0.34           B3-18  0.4   23.7 3.76 0.47 0.43  69.42  25.26 5.60 0.20 0.30     68.80 37.30      0.29                                                         B3-19  0.5       24.91 3.65 0.65 0.45  67.58  26.56 5.40 0.30 0.30  67.40 34.50  0.25        B3-16 0.2 0.3   24.99 1.71 1.03 0.65  68.74  27.16 2.60 0.50 0.40     69.50 38.40      0.11                                                         B3-13 0.9     0.8   30.62 2.06 0.91 0.55  62.33  33.16 3.10 0.40 0.30  63.00 25.70     0.11      B3-17  0.3   26.68 1.86 0.57 0.7  67.25  28.80 2.80 0.30 0.40  67.70     35.10      0.11     B3-15  0.3   29.82 1.78 0.51 0.17  65.86  31.60 2.60 0.20 0.30  65.20     30.30      0.09                                                               E32       3.2 31 2 0.1 0.3  65.5 0.3 32.60 2.90  0.20  64.30 28.60  0.10              B3-32     23.43 0.65 0.72 0.31  73.28  25.10 1.00 0.40 0.20     73.40 46.30      0.04                                                         B3-31  0.7       27.76 0.49 1.01 0.4  67.59  30.10 0.70 0.50 0.20  68.40 36.40  0.02         E25 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.9 31.1 0.6 0.7 0.5  65.3 0.5 33.30 0.90 0.30 0.30     65.20 30.10      0.03                                                         E31    1.8     31 1  0.4  66.4 0.4 32.80 1.50  0.20  65.50 31.00      0.05                   E24 0.6 0.8 4 1.3 33 0.6 0.3 0.5  64.1 0.5 35.10     0.90 0.10 0.30  63.60 27.10      0.03                                         E23 0.5 0.7  2.2 35.1 0.6     0.1 0.5  62.3 0.5 37.20 0.90  0.30  61.60 23.20      0.02                     B3-30  0.6   31.93 0.37 0.28 0.64  64.13     34.40 0.60 0.10 0.40  64.50 28.90      0.02

    TABLE 3      - Composition WT % Composition mol % Solubility MgO      Comp. CaO MgO ZrO2 Al2O3 TiO2 SiO2 Others CaO MgO ZrO2 Al2O3 TiO2 SiO2     CaO MgO SiO2 Total Excess      KW-1 2.9 0.1 0.1 44.5  51.7 0.2 3.82 0.18 0.06 32.28  63.65     -32.16       CAS4 19.7 0.4 0.2 36.6  42.5 0.5 24.58 0.69 0.11 25.12  49.50  5   13     18 -24.54      CAS10 50.8   24.6  23.6  58.52   15.67  25.51 30   9  39 -15.67              B3-3A 31.64 0.67 0.41 5.91  59.54  34.55 1.02 0.20 3.55  60.68     25 10  30      65 -2.74                                                       B3-2A     32.3 0.48 0.12 4.15  60.83  35.08 0.73 0.06 2.48  61.66 61  5  58 124     -1.81      BZ-51 17.6 4.9 17.5 0.2  59.1 0.6 20.08 7.78 9.09 0.13  62.93  8  3  12      23 -1.43      BZ-46 14.9 4.9 17.3 0.3  61.2 0.7 17.15 7.85 9.06 0.19  65.75  9  3  16      28 -1.41      BZ-52 13.4 5 17.5 0.2  62.8 0.6 15.39 7.99 9.15 0.13  67.34  7  3  11     21 -1.28      BZ-48 15.1 4.9 15.1 0.3  63.6 0.6 17.10 7.72 7.78 0.19  67.22  6  3  9     18 -0.25      BZ-47 18.9 5 15.2 0.3  59 0.7 21.47 7.90 7.86 0.19  62.57 11  3  17  31     -0.14      BZ-21 22.3 5 15.2 0.3  56.4 0.7 25.06 7.82 7.77 0.19  59.16 11  3  26     43 -0.14      BZ-23 26.5 5 14.9 0.5  51.4 0.8 29.95 7.86 7.66 0.31  54.22 17  3  23     43 -0.11      BZ-19 17.4 5.1 15.4 0.3  60.8 0.6 19.68 8.02 7.93 0.19  64.18  8  3  24      35 -0.09      B3-31 27.76 0.49 1.61 0.4  67.59  30.10 0.74 0.50 0.24  68.42 50  4 112     166 0.00      BZ-25 20.7 5.2 15.5 0.3  57.3 0.7 23.35 8.16 7.96 0.19  60.34  8  3  16      27 0.02      B3-30 31.93 0.37 0.28 0.64  64.13  34.41 0.55 0.14 0.38  64.52 83  3     163 249 0.04      BZ-27 23.8 5.1 14.8 0.4  53.9 0.7 27.00 8.05 7.64 0.25  57.07 11  3  25      42 0.16      E25 31.1 0.6 0.7 0.5  65.3 0.5 33.27 0.89 0.34 0.29  65.20 50   86 136     0.26      B3-29 36 0.68 0.17 0.92  59.4  38.72 1.02 0.08 0.54  59.63 29  5 201     235 0.39      B3-32 23.43 0.65 0.72 0.31  73.28  25.13 0.97 0.35 0.18  73.37 X X X X     0.44      E24 33 0.6 0.3 0.5  64.1 0.5 35.08 0.89 0.15 0.29  63.60 57  115 172     0.45      E23 35.1 0.6 0.1 0.5  62.3 0.5 37.18 0.88 0.05 0.29  61.60 61  137 198     0.54      BZ-45 19.3 4.8 13.1 0.4  61.3 0.6 21.59 7.47 6.67 0.25  64.02 13  5  18      36 0.55      E22 37.1 0.7 0.1 0.6  60.2 0.5 39.20 1.03 0.05 0.35  59.37 64  162 226     0.63      E21 39.1 0.7  0.6  58.2 0.5 41.28 1.03  0.35  57.35 58  225 283 0.68         BZ-50 17.3 5 13.7 0.2  62.7 0.6 19.41 7.80 7.00 0.12  65.67 13  5     17      35 0.69     BZ-49 20.9 4.9 13.2 0.3  59.5 0.7 23.37 7.62 6.72 0.18  62.10 11  3  16     30 0.72      708 42.79 0.77    55.22  44.85 1.12    54.03 31  2 193 226 1.12              BZ-36 16.5 5 12.6 0.2  64.9 0.6 18.36 7.74 6.38 0.12  67.40  8     3  16      27 1.24                                                            E31     31 1  0.4  66.4 0.4 32.77 1.47  0.23  65.52     1.24      BZ-35 18.1 5 12.2 0.2  63.2 0.5 20.18 7.75 6.19 0.12  65.76  8  3  21     32 1.44      B3-16 24.99 1.71 1.03 0.65  68.74  27.06 2.58 0.51 0.39  69.47 72 10     132 214 1.68      BZ-29 18.1 5 10.2 0.9  64.8 0.6 19.96 7.67 5.12 0.55  66.70 10  7  27     44 2.01      B3-17 26.68 1.86 0.57 0.7  67.25  28.79 2.79 0.28 0.42  67.73 49 13 162     224 2.10      B3-15 29.82 1.78 0.51 0.47  65.86  31.64 2.63 0.25 0.27  65.22 38  7     156 201 2.11      BZ-7 16.3 5 10.7 0.3  67.1 0.5 17.93 7.65 5.36 0.18  68.88 11  7  21     39 2.11      BZ-5 22.1 4.9 10.3 0.3  60.8 0.6 24.41 7.53 5.18 0.18  62.69 14  7  22     43 2.17      BZ-17 19 5 10.4 0.4  63.8 0.6 21.00 7.69 5.23 0.24  65.83 14  3  28  45     2.21      BZ-30 20.2 5 10.3 0.4  63.4 0.6 22.14 7.62 5.14 0.24  64.86 16  5  33     54 2.24      BZ-11 26.2 5 10.2 0.4  57.4 0.8 28.60 7.59 5.07 0.24  58.49 25  7  33     65 2.29      B3-13 30.62 2.06 0.91 0.55  62.33  33.14 3.10 0.45 0.33  62.98 41  7     151 199 2.33      BZ-13 32 5.1 10 0.5  50.9 0.7 35.00 7.76 4.98 0.30  51.96 38 12  42  92     2.48      E32 31 2 0.1 0.3  65.5 0.3 32.59 2.92 0.05 0.17  64.27     2.70              B3-11 33.25 2.33 0.59 0.69  61.71  35.10 3.42 0.28 0.40  60.80     28 15 162 205 2.74      B3-9 34.49 2.5 0.49 0.76  60.28  36.35 3.67 0.24 0.44  59.31  8  5 175     188 2.99      B3-21 36.62 2.43 0.08 0.73  57.38  38.96 3.60 0.04 0.43  56.98 25 16     175 216 3.13      BZ-34 22.2 4.9 8.1 0.3  63.2 0.6 24.17 7.42 4.01 0.18  64.22 35 13  26     74 3.23      BZ-31 18.3 5.1 8.6 0.3  66.5 0.6 19.99 7.75 4.28 0.18  67.80 13  3  33     49 3.29      BZ-33 20.3 5 8.2 0.3  65 0.6 22.11 7.58 4.06 0.18  66.07 34 15  33  82     3.33      B3-6A 24.83 4.59 0.15 5.7  63.24  26.57 6.83 0.07 3.35  63.17  7 26  26      59 3.41      BZT-2 19.2 4.9 6.7 0.3 3.6 64.3 0.4 20.92 7.43 3.32 0.18 2.75 65.40 16     7  29      52 3.93     B3-5A 25.41 4.68 0.58 3.97  63.71  27.07 6.94 0.28 2.33  63.39 43 11  48     102 1.33      BZ-9 31.8 5 5.1 0.6  56 0.6 33.95 7.43 2.48 0.35  55.80 63 30 133 226     4.60      B3-1 32.56 3.8 0.82 0.79  60.11  34.36 5.58 0.39 0.46  59.21 84 17 146     247 4.73      BZ-15 24.1 5 5.2 0.3  63.8 0.6 25.88 7.47 2.54 0.18  63.94 42 17  77     136 4.75      B3-1A 32.27 3.99 0.09 1.74  60.32  33.92 5.84 0.04 1.01  59.19 54 51     149 254 4.79      B3-19 24.91 3.65 0.65 0.45  67.58  26.61 5.42 0.32 0.26  67.39 41 21     163 228 4.84      BZ-1 26.6 5.2 5.1 0.5  60.3 0.7 28.69 7.80 2.50 0.30  60.71 45 20  92     157 5.00      B3-18 23.7 3.76 0.47 0.43  69.42  25.16 5.55 0.23 0.25  68.80 66 17 145     228 5.08      BZT-1 24.3 4.9 3.3 0.4 1.9 64 0.5 25.88 7.26 1.60 0.23 1.42 63.61 44 13      68 125 5.43      B3-3 36.07 4.44 1.46 0.58  55.99  37.77 6.47 0.70 0.33  54.73 14 18 185     217 5.44      BZ-560F 11.4 9.1 15 1.5 0.1 61.7 0.5 12.76 14.17 7.64 0.92 0.08 64.44       5.60      586 35.03 3.9  0.13  58.65  36.77 5.69  0.08  57.46 54 19 182 255 5.62       BZ-560E 11.9 9 15.1 1 0.1 61.6 0.4 13.31 14.00 7.69 0.62 0.08 64.31      5.70      BZ-60 8.1 9.7 18.2 0.1  63.1 0.4 9.12 15.19 9.32 0.06  66.30  6  3  21     30 5.80      B3-4A 25.81 4.88 0.24 2.05  65.5  27.18 7.15 0.12 1.19  64.37 52 16  82     150 5.85      BZ-440E 16.9 6.5 5.8 1.7 0.1 68.4 0.4 18.09 9.68 2.83 1.00 0.08 68.33       5.85      BZ-560C 11.7 9.1 15.6 0.1 0.1 62.7 0.9 12.98 14.05 7.88 0.06 0.08 64.95         6.11      BZ-560 11.7 9 15.1 0.1 0.1 62.9 0.5 13.01 13.92 7.64 0.06 0.08 65.29  4      5  18      27 6.22                                                           660     34.65 4.83  1.15  57.74  36.13 7.01  0.66  56.20 69 23 152 244 6.35           BZ-54 10.5 9.9 17.6 0.1  61.4 0.6 11.71 15.36 8.93 0.06  63.93 10     7  17      34 6.37     BZ-560A 11.7 9.1 15 0.1 0.1 62.5 0.8 13.05 14.12 7.61 0.06 0.08 65.07      6.45      BZ-560B 12 9.1 15.1  0.1 62.3 1.5 13.37 14.11 7.66  0.08 64.79     6.45      BZ-59 12.4 10 17.5 0.2  59.2 0.7 13.83 15.52 8.88 0.12  61.64  8  7  23      38 6.51      712 35.39 4.61  0.06  57.54  37.04 6.71  0.03  56.21 24 22 160 206 6.68      BT-1 26.2 4.9 0.1 0.4 2.8 64.3 0.4 27.50 7.16 0.05 0.23 2.06 63.00 58     17 117 192 6.88      BT-3 22.3 4.9 0.3 0.4 6.6 64.1 0.3 23.74 7.26 0.15 0.23 4.93 63.69 45     19 116 180 6.88      BT-2 23.7 4.9 0.1 0.4 4.8 64.9 0.3 25.02 7.20 0.05 0.23 3.56 63.95 46     18 111 175 6.92      BZ-56 10.4 9.8 15.7 0.1  63.7 0.5 11.47 15.03 7.88 0.06  65.56  8  7     15      30 7.09     BZ-20 12.4 9.9 15.8 0.2  61.5 0.5 13.64 15.16 7.91 0.12  63.17  7  7  27      41 7.12      BZ-55 14.6 9.8 15.5 0.2  59 0.5 16.14 15.07 7.80 0.12  60.87 11  7  15     33 7.15      BZ-22 17.1 9.8 15.2 0.4  56.7 0.7 18.83 15.02 7.62 0.24  58.29 13  9     27      49 7.15     BZ-26 15.2 9.9 15.3 0.2  58.5 0.6 16.77 15.19 7.68 0.12  60.24  8  3  24      35 7.39      BZ-28 19.4 9.9 15.1 0.3  54.5 0.6 21.30 15.12 7.55 0.18  55.85 13  7     25      45 7.40     BZ-24 22.2 9.9 15 0.3  51.2 0.8 24.46 15.18 7.52 0.18  52.66 17  7  21     45 7.47      B3-14 24.91 5.54 0.61 0.58  65.11  26.50 8.20 0.30 0.34  64.66 67 27     158 252 7.57      692 34.34 5.44 0.17 0.13  59.82  35.08 7.73 0.08 0.07  57.04 67 23 110     230 7.58      722 31.08 5.25  0.05  61.33  32.49 7.64  0.03  59.85 81 23 185 289 7.61      721 27.26 5.33  0.06  65.08  28.56 7.77  0.03  63.64 68 20 153 241 7.73      723 29.79 5.44    62.61  31.10 7.90    61.00 62 17 141 220 7.90              BZ-57 16.1 9.7 13.2 0.3  60.3 0.6 17.49 14.66 6.53 0.18  61.14     11  7  15      33 7.95                                                        BZ-58     12.5 10 13.6 0.3  63.5 0.6 13.58 15.12 6.73 0.18  64.40  8  7  25  40     8.21      B3-20 32.7 6.07  0.91  57.57  34.28 8.85  0.52  56.34 29 40 181 250     8.33      694 33.1 6.02 0.17 0.27  58.39  34.41 8.71 0.08 0.15  56.65 66 27 133     226 8.47      BZ-53 14.5 10 13.3 0.1  61.2 0.5 15.82 15.18 6.60 0.06  62.33 16  7  19      42 8.52      696 30.91 6.15 0.24 0.21  58.81  32.68 9.05 0.12 0.12  58.04 48 37 163     248 8.81      BZ-432 20 8 5.5 0.2  65.1 0.6 21.16 11.78 2.65 0.12  64.30 31 16  18     95 9.01      BZ-61 13.2 9.7 11 0.1  65.6 0.4 14.20 14.51 5.38 0.06  65.85 10  7  27     44 9.07      BZ-12 21.3 9.7 10.2 0.3  57.8 0.8 22.77 14.42 4.96 0.18  57.67 22 13     34      69 9.29     BZ-8 11.4 9.9 10.8 0.2  67.8 0.5 12.19 14.73 5.26 0.12  67.70 10 10  30     50 9.36      B3-27 20.98 7 0.79 0.78  68.56  21.97 10.20 0.38 0.45  67.01 54 20 122     196 9.37      BZ-6 17.2 9.8 10.3 0.2  61.8 0.5 18.43 14.61 5.02 0.12  61.82 11 10  27      51 9.47      BZ-62 15.4 9.9 10.7 0.1  62.9 0.9 16.59 14.84 5.25 0.06  63.26 11 10     30 541 9.53      BZ-4340 21 8.3 5.6   63.5  22.25 12.24 2.70   62.81 25 12  46  83 9.54       BZ-14 27.1 9.9 10 0.4  51.2 0.7 29.00 14.74 4.87 0.24  51.15 42 32  58     132 9.63      B3-28 18.74 7.03 0.75 0.47  70.81  19.68 10.27 0.36 0.27  69.42 49 31     108 183 9.64      718 27.14 6.95 0.49   65.23  27.72 9.87 0.23   62.18 47 20 107 174 9.65      BZ-438 14.8 8.5 5.6 0.1  69.4 0.3 15.74 12.58 2.71 0.06  68.91 17 13     30      60 9.81     BZ-408 18.4 9.1 6.6 0.2  64.8 0.4 19.44 13.37 3.17 0.12  63.90 30 17  51      98 10.08      BZ-430 17 9.7 8.5 0.2  63.2 0.9 18.19 14.44 4.14 0.12  63.12 21 13  29     63 10.18      BZ-431 16.1 9.8 8.6 0.2  63.9 0.6 17.24 14.60 4.19 0.12  63.86 17 11     33      61 10.29     BZ-63 13.1 9.8 8.6 0.1  67.4 0.4 13.99 14.56 4.18 0.06  67.20 11 10  37     58 10.32      BZ-427 19.6 9.7 8.1 0.2  60.8 0.6 20.93 14.41 3.94 0.12  60.60 29 16     43      88 10.36     BZ-429 17.8 9.7 8.1 0.2  62.4 1.1 19.07 14.46 3.95 0.12  62.40 17 12  29      58 10.39      BZ-428 18.9 9.8 8 0.3  61.3 1 20.20 14.57 3.89 0.18  61.16  8  4  14     26 10.50      BZ-44 14.8 9.6 7 0.3  67.3 0.4 15.69 14.16 3.38 0.17  66.60 19 13  39     71 10.61      BZ-610 13.1 10.6 10.2 0.3 0.1 65.2 0.5 14.00 15.76 4.96 0.18 0.08 65.03      7 10  27      44 10.62                                                       BZ-413     18.5 9.8 7.4 0.2  64.2 0.4 19.36 14.27 3.53 0.12  62.72 25 14  45  84     10.63      BZ-43 19 9.7 7.1 0.3  63 0.4 20.06 14.25 3.41 0.17  62.10 32 20  55 107     10.66      BZ-412 19.2 9.7 7.1 0.2  62.9 0.5 20.26 14.24 3.41 0.12  61.97 27 16     49      92 10.72     BZ-414 17.5 9.9 7.4 0.2  65 0.4 18.34 14.43 3.53 0.12  63.58 21 11  39     71 10.79      725 28.13 7.54  0.1  61.83  29.18 10.88  0.06  59.88 76 35 186 297     10.83      BZ-411 20.3 9.8 7.1 0.2  61.6 0.4 21.42 14.39 3.41 0.12  60.67 24 13     42      79 10.86     BZ-415 16 10 7 0.5  66.5 0.4 16.76 14.58 3.34 0.29  65.03 21 13  38  72     10.95      BZ-407 19 9.7 6.5 0.2  63.5 0.4 20.03 14.23 3.12 0.12  62.50 22 16  42     80 10.99      BZ-409 17.4 9.9 6.8 0.2  65.8 0.4 18.16 14.38 3.23 0.11  64.11 20 13     45      78 11.03     BZ-410 16.4 9.8 6.6 0.1  66.8 0.4 17.18 14.28 3.15 0.06  65.33 21 13  38      72 11.08      BZ-4 16.2 9.7 5.7 0.5  67.4 0.5 16.97 14.13 2.72 0.29  65.89 21 13  47     81 11.13      BZ-406 20.2 9.8 6.4 0.2  62.6 0.3 21.20 14.31 3.06 0.12  61.32 38 20     61 119 11.14      BZ-402 18.1 9.4 5.1 0.2  65.8 0.4 19.05 13.76 2.44 0.12  64.63 32 20     60 112 11.20      BZ-441 15 11.2 11 0.1  62.4 0.5 15.98 16.60 5.33 0.06  62.04 11 11  27     49 11.21      BZ-2 21.7 9.6 5.2 0.5  61.9 0.5 22.73 13.99 2.48 0.29  60.52 35 25  69     129 11.22      BZ-401 18.2 9.7 5.4 0.3  65.7 0.5 19.03 14.11 2.57 0.17  64.12 28 20     54 102 11.37      BZ-16 19.2 9.7 5.2 0.3  64.9 0.4 20.04 14.09 2.47 0.17  63.23 30 22  60     112 11.44      BZ-400 17.1 9.7 5.4 0.2  66.6 0.4 17.94 14.16 2.58 0.12  65.21 30 22     61 113 11.46      719 25.69 8.12    65.77  26.11 11.48    62.40 51 24 115 190 11.48            BZ-160 19.3 9.7 5.1 0.3 0.1 64.8 0.4 20.14 14.08 2.42 0.17 0.07     63.11 26 19  50      95 11.49                                                 BZ-421 20.1     9.8 4.3 0.9  64.7 0.5 20.81 14.12 2.03 0.51  62.53 25 19  54  98 11.58        BZ-39 21.2 9.8 5.1 0.3  62.8 0.6 22.10 14.21 2.42 0.17  61.10 59 43     88 190 11.62      BZ-416 19.3 9.8 5.2 0.2  64.7 0.4 20.15 14.23 2.47 0.11  63.04 28 19     54 101 11.65      BZ-403 17.4 10 5.8 0.2  66.1 0.4 18.17 14.53 2.76 0.11  64.43 31 19  60     110 11.66      714 32 8.27    59.05  32.45 11.67    55.89 73 30 142 245 11.67      BZ-405 20.1 9.9 5.4 0.3  63.2 0.5 21.05 14.42 2.57 0.17  61.78 44 25     78 147 11.68      BZ-40 20.9 9.8 5 0.4  62.4 0.6 21.94 14.31 2.39 0.23  61.13 44 33  94     171 11.69      BZ-404 16.1 10 5.4 0.1  67.7 0.4 16.82 14.53 2.57 0.06  66.02 35 20  67     122 11.91      BZ-10 27.1 10 5 0.4  56 0.6 28.29 14.53 2.38 0.23  54.58 41 35  90 166     11.92      BZ-417 19.4 9.7 4.1 0.2  66.1 0.4 20.09 13.97 1.93 0.11  63.89 28 19     56 103 11.93      BZ-420 16.4 9.9 4.7 0.2 0.1 68.3 0.3 17.04 14.31 2.22 0.11 0.07 66.24     26 17  55      98 11.97                                                       BZ-419     17 9.9 4.6 0.2  67.2 0.4 17.76 14.39 2.19 0.11  65.54 22 16  39  77     12.09      BZ-422 20.2 9.8 3.6 0.2  65.3 0.4 20.93 14.12 1.70 0.11  63.14 38 26     71 135 12.31      BZ-423 19.1 9.8 3.5 0.2  66.9 0.4 19.71 14.07 1.64 0.11  64.46 33 25     72 130 12.31      BZ-425 17 9.7 3.4 0.2  68.5 0.3 17.69 14.04 1.61 0.11  66.54 30 25  41     96 12.32      BZ-426 16.3 9.8 3.6 0.2  69.4 0.3 16.90 14.13 1.70 0.11  67.16 29 23     56 108 12.32      BZ-418 18.3 10 4.1 0.2  66.8 0.4 18.96 14.41 1.93 0.11  64.59 28 17  51      96 12.36      BZ-41 23.1 9.8 3 0.4  62.5 0.6 23.90 14.11 1.41 0.23  60.36 57 47 122     226 12.47      BZ-37 21.1 9.8 3.2 0.3  64.2 0.5 21.92 14.16 1.51 0.17  62.24 52 40  97     189 12.48      BZ-424 18.4 9.9 3.5 0.2  67.1 0.3 19.07 14.27 1.65 0.11  64.90 28 22     51 101 12.51      D12 13.7 10.4 5.3 0.1 2.7 67.6 0.3 14.33 15.13 2.52 0.06 1.98 65.98 22     19  43      84 12.55                                                          BZ-42     19.1 9.9 3 0.2  66.7 0.5 19.77 14.26 1.41 0.11  64.45 52 43  99 194     12.73      B21 22.3 9.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 67.1 0.2 22.68 13.16 0.28 0.11 0.07 63.70 44     33 112 189 12.77      BZ-4150B 15.3 11.5 7.1 1.1 0.1 64.2 0.4 16.08 16.82 3.40 0.64 0.07     62.99     12.79      B3-22 21.28 9.34 0.54 0.52  66.17  22.04 13.46 0.25 0.30  63.96 62 57     174 293 12.90      B3-25 28.15 9.22  0.48  59.53  29.08 13.25  0.27  57.40 48 33 133 214     12.98      B3-23 23.26 9.33 0.3 0.56  64.09  24.10 13.45 0.14 0.32  61.99 44 31     101 176 12.99      BZ-38 17.2 11.2 6.7 0.2  63.5 0.4 18.06 16.36 3.20 0.12  62.25 40 32     60 132 13.05      B3-26 30.5 9.44  0.62  56.98  31.39 13.52  0.35  54.74 64 41 149 254     13.17      BZ-4150A 15.3 11.5 7.2 0.2 0.1 64.5 0.7 16.11 16.85 3.45 0.12 0.07     63.40     13.25      BZ-4150 15.2 11.7 7.4 0.1 0.1 65.3 0.5 15.85 16.97 3.51 0.06 0.07 63.54       17.00   14.00    37.00      68 13.40                                        A2-16 12.4 10.09 2.23     0.19  73.43  12.90 14.61 1.06 0.11  71.32 45 55 113 213 13.44      D11 14.4 11.1 5.3 0.1 2.7 66.4 0.3 14.97 16.06 2.51 0.06 1.97 64.44 22     28  45      95 13.19     BZ-435 16.6 11.3 5.3 0.6  64.9 0.7 17.36 16.44 2.52 0.35  63.34 29 30     68 127 13.57      B3-24 25.53 9.73  0.58  61.62  26.35 13.97  0.33  59.36 37 57 185 279     13.64      D3 13.6 11.3 5.7 0.1 1 67.3 0.3 14.24 16.46 2.72 0.06 0.74 65.79 15 15     45      75 13.69     BZ-4150C 15.5 11.9 7.5 0.1 0.1 63.9 0.8 16.27 17.38 3.58 0.06 0.07 62.63         13.74      BZ-433 16.2 11.5 5.4 0.2  65.8 0.9 16.84 16.63 2.56 0.11  63.85 26 20     55 101 13.96      D2 15.4 11.6 5.8 0.2 1 65 0.3 16.10 16.87 2.76 0.11 0.73 63.42 18 18     46      82 14.00     B18 22.8 10.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 64.8 0.2 23.28 14.49 0.23 0.17 0.07 61.76 55     40 137 232 14.09      D5 14.3 11.7 5.4 0.1 2 66.4 0.4 14.82 16.87 2.55 0.06 1.46 64.25 24 19     41      87 14.27     D10 15.7 11.7 4.9 0.1 2.7 64.7 0.3 16.26 16.86 2.31 0.06 1.96 62.55 22     20  40      82 14.49                                                          BZA-6     17.2 11.9 3.4 1.4  65.4 0.4 17.71 17.05 1.59 0.79  62.86 19 21  50  90     14.66      BZ-437 15 12.2 6.1 0.1  65.7 0.3 15.60 17.66 2.89 0.06  63.79 24 24  55     103 14.71      BZ-440 15.9 12.1 5.2 0.2  65.7 0.4 16.47 17.44 2.45 0.11  63.53 29 27     49 105 14.87      D4 16.4 12.2 5.4 0.2 1.8 62.8 0.3 17.11 17.71 2.56 0.11 1.32 61.17 21     20  50      91 15.03                                                          BZA-5     17.1 11.9 3.1 1 0.1 65.7 0.4 17.63 17.07 1.45 0.57 0.07 63.21 18 18  47     83 15.04      BZA-4 17 11.9 3.1 0.7  65.8 0.4 17.57 17.11 1.46 0.40  63.47 21 21  47     89 15.25      D1 16.3 12.5 5.6 0.1 1 63.3 0.3 16.96 18.10 2.65 0.06 0.73 61.50 22 22     59 103 15.39      BZ-440A 16.4 12.6 5.3 0.1 0.1 64.6 0.7 16.95 18.12 2.49 0.06 0.07 62.31         15.57      BZ-440C 16.2 12.6 5.3 0.1 0.1 64.3 0.8 16.82 18.21 2.51 0.06 0.07 62.33         15.64      B14 20.3 11.4  0.2 0.1 67.1 0.2 20.51 16.02  0.11 0.07 63.28 47 42 112     201 15.91      D9 15.9 12 1.87 0.1 0.9 68.2 0.2 16.26 17.07 0.87 0.06 0.65 65.10 37 41      78 156 16.15      A2-14 25.3 11.66 0.16 0.28  60.74  25.70 16.48 0.07 0.16  57.59 57 43     127 227 16.25      BZA-2 18.5 12.2 0.6 1  66.4 0.3 18.82 17.27 0.28 0.56  63.07 25 24  66     115 16.43      BZA-3 18.6 12.4 0.6 1.4  65.8 0.3 18.92 17.55 0.28 0.78  62.47 24 24     61 109 16.49      BZA-1 18.5 12.2 0.6 0.6  67.1 0.3 18.74 17.19 0.28 0.33  63.45 25 25     69 119 16.58      A2-7 23.37 11.98 0.23 0.44  61.98  23.79 16.97 0.11 0.25  58.89 59 63     178 300 16.61      B13 21.3 12.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 65.6 0.3 21.28 17.10 0.27 0.11 0.07 61.17 43     39      96 178 16.71     B4 18.8 12.2 0.7 0.2  66.8 0.7 19.08 17.22 0.32 0.11  63.27 33 31  80     144 16.79      A2-15 12.67 12.35 1.24 0.11  72.25  12.94 17.55 0.58 0.06  68.88 35 48     105 188 16.91      A2-9 21.44 12.96  1.49  63.66  21.50 18.08  0.82  59.59 67 66 195 328     17.26      A2-6 15.17 12.76 1.13 0.07  69.29  15.46 18.09 0.52 0.04  65.89 48 70     152 270 17.52      D8 16.9 13.2 1.8 0.4 1 66.2 0.2 17.11 18.59 0.83 0.22 0.71 62.54 35 39     66 140 17.54      B7 17.9 13.1 0.8 0.3  67.8 0.2 17.91 18.24 0.36 0.17  63.32 44 45 110     199 17.71      759 17.45 12.6    68.33  17.67 17.75    64.58 38 40 117 195 17.75            D7 18.5 13.5 1.7 0.2 1 65.1 0.2 18.57 18.85 0.78 0.11 0.70 60.99     34 36      63 133 17.96     A2-18 26.29 13.01  0.66  56.96  26.85 18.48  0.37  54.30 47 57 161 265     18.11      B12 22 13.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 63.5 0.2 22.03 18.39 0.05 0.11 0.07 59.35 45 43     106 194 18.23      A2-11 24.28 13.24 0.08 0.25  60.32  24.48 18.57 0.04 0.14  56.77 72 16     119 207 18.40      924 19.78 14.54 0.66 2.57  61.32  19.99 20.44 0.30 1.43  57.84 36 37     77 150 18.71      B7A 18.3 13.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 66.8 0.6 18.29 19.05 0.14 0.11 0.07 62.33     18.81      B7D 18.3 13.8 0.8 0.2 0.1 65.5 1.3 18.45 19.36 0.37 0.11 0.07 61.64     18.88      A2-5 18.74 13.78 0.14 0.18  65.69  18.85 19.29 0.06 0.10  61.69 48 60     150 258 19.12      B7C 18 13.8 0.2 0.1  66.6 0.7 18.09 19.29 0.09 0.06  62.47     19.15         B6 19.2 14.2 0.1 0.2  66.1 0.4 19.05 19.60 0.05 0.11  61.20 50 53     144 247 19.44      A2-8 16.86 14.24 1.17 0.22  65.33  17.15 20.15 0.54 0.12  62.03 54 84     181 319 19.49      A2-17 11.58 14.52 1.58 0.15  70.43  11.78 20.55 0.73 0.08  66.86 35 72     91 198 19.73      B11 15.8 15 0.4 0.2 0.1 68.6 0.2 15.63 20.65 0.18 0.11 0.07 63.36 32 45     101 178 20.36      B5 19.9 15.1 0.1 0.2  64.2 0.4 19.71 20.80 0.05 0.11  59.34 43 48  99     190 20.65      932 21.6 15.65 0.11 1.5  59.85  21.58 21.75 0.05 0.82  55.80 41 43  92     176 20.87      757 20.92 15.22  0.2  62.6  20.79 21.04  0.11  58.06 62 73 187 322     20.93      B17 14.2 15.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 69.1 0.2 14.14 21.47 0.05 0.05 0.07 64.22 32     45      91 168 21.37     B10 16.8 15.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 67.1 0.2 16.49 21.71 0.13 0.11 0.07 61.48 30     43      95 168 21.47     A2-10 16.22 15.8  0.49  66.17  16.18 21.93  0.27  61.62 42 52 122 216     21.66      A2-13 14.87 16.01 0.92 0.11  66.67  14.89 22.31 0.42 0.06  62.32 47 70     159 276 21.83      A2-22 9.36 16.34 0.83 0.33  71.48  9.42 22.88 0.38 0.18  67.14 36 75     126 237 22.31      734 26.62 17.05 0.05 1  56.58  25.66 22.87 0.02 0.53  50.92 52 66 135     253 22.32      B19 13.9 16.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 68.7 0.1 13.65 22.95 0.31 0.05 0.07 62.97 29     49 114 192 22.58      A2-20 11.58 16.57 0.91 0.4  68.19  11.71 23.30 0.42 0.22  64.35 31 69     162 262 22.66      973 24.45 16.81 0.05 0.5  56.18  24.31 23.25 0.02 0.27  52.14 42 47 102     191 22.96      A2-28 2.07 17.15 1.76 0.15  78.07  2.08 23.93 0.80 0.08  73.10 X X X X     23.05      B9 18.1 17.1 0.1 0.2  64.4 0.2 17.72 23.29 0.04 0.11  58.84 32 44 101     177 23.14      971 23.92 17.36 0.05 0.74  56.82  23.56 23.79 0.02 0.40  52.23 55 73     142 270 23.36      B8 18.8 17.9 0.3 0.2  63 0.2 18.30 24.24 0.13 0.11  57.23 30 39  90 159     24.00      B16 15.1 18.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 66 0.2 14.78 24.65 0.13 0.05 0.07 60.31 35 64     131 230 24.46      A2-12 16.55 18 0.05 0.33  63.56  16.37 24.76 0.02 0.18  58.67 47 66 160     273 24.56      A2-30 16.06 18.21  0.4  63.68  15.89 25.07  0.22  58.82 33 52 102 187     24.85      A2-23 18.59 18.78 0.05 0.48  60.2  18.37 25.82 0.02 0.26  55.53 35 47     192 274 25.53      A2-26 8.12 19.26 0.98 0.29  68.65  8.15 26.90 0.45 0.16  64.34 31 97     183 311 26.29      A2-32 6.36 19.6 0.36 0.23  73.09  6.23 26.70 0.16 0.12  66.79 X X X X     26.41      A2-27 6.77 19.64 1.01 0.24  71.14  6.70 27.03 0.45 0.13  65.69 24 67     101 192 26.44      71 24.04 19.66  0.2  54.68  23.44 26.67  0.11  49.77 55 62 133 250     26.57      A2-19 18.48 19.74  0.54  58.71  18.29 27.18  0.29  54.24 42 66 125 233     26.89      A2-21 13.74 19.98 0.13 0.34  64.16  13.51 27.34 0.06 0.18  58.90 28 56     160 244 27.10      A2-31 8.45 21.72 0.64 0.32  67.62  8.26 29.55 0.28 0.17  61.73 26 72     103 201 29.09      A2-29 4.46 22.31 1.23 0.19  71.24  4.34 30.23 0.55 0.10  64.77 21 105     94 220 29.59      A2-33 4.61 22.85 1.01 0.25  70.04  4.50 31.05 0.45 0.13  63.86 X X X X     30.47      A2-24 13.62 22.74 0.08 0.31  61.38  13.25 30.79 0.04 0.17  55.76 27 87     136 250 30.59      A2-25 10.99 24.18 0.07 0.33  62.36  10.66 32.64 0.03 0.18  56.48 35 105      160 300 32.44      A2-35 8.88 24.88 0.47 0.29  64.12  8.56 33.37 0.21 0.15  57.71 18 106     61 185 33.01      A2-34 6.63 26.2 0.8 0.23  64.85  6.37 35.01 0.35 0.12  58.15 11 119     39 169 31.54      765 3.9 35.07  2.12  57.78  3.62 45.26  1.08  50.04 16 169  100 285     44.18

I claim:
 1. A refractory fiber for which a vacuum cast preform of thefiber has a shrinkage of 3.5% or less when exposed to 1260° C. for 24hours at least 98 mol % of the fiber composition consisting of CaO,SiO₂, MgO, optionally ZrO₂, and optionally Al₂ O₃, and in which:theamount of Al₂ O₃, if present, does not exceed 0.75 mol %; the amount ofCaO in mol % is less than the amount of MgO in mol %; and the amount ofSiO₂ remaining after the CaO and MgO and any ZrO₂ are crystallized assilicates exceeds 21.8 mol %.
 2. The refractory fiber as claimed inclaim 1, further comprising, as an incidental impurity, TiO₂, in anamount less than 1.25 mol %.
 3. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim1, further comprising, as an incidental impurity, Na₂ O in an amountless than 1.0 wt %.
 4. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim 1,further comprising, as an incidental impurity, Fe₂ O₃ in an amount lessthan 1.0 wt %.
 5. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim 1, in whichAl₂ O₃ is present in an amount less than 0.5 mol %.
 6. The refractoryfiber as claimed in claim 1, which is saline soluble.
 7. The refractoryfiber as claimed in claim 6, wherein the amount of MgO less the sum ofthe amounts of Al₂ O₃ plus any ZrO₂ exceeds 10 mol %.
 8. The refractoryfiber as claimed in claim 6, wherein the amount of MgO less the sum ofthe amounts of Al₂ O₃ plus any ZrO₂ exceeds 11.2 mol %.
 9. Therefractory fiber as claimed in claim 6, wherein the amount of MgO lessthe sum of the amounts of Al₂ O₃ plus any ZrO₂ exceeds 15.25 mol %. 10.The refractory fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein said amount of MgOis less than 22.88 mol %.
 11. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim10, wherein said amount of MgO is approximately 13.92 to 22.31 mol %.12. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein said amount ofCaO is greater than 8.26 mol %.
 13. The refractory fiber as claimed inclaim 12, wherein said amount of CaO is approximately 9.12 to 19.05 mol%.
 14. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein said amountof ZrO₂ is approximately 0 to 9.32 mol %.
 15. The refractory fiber asclaimed in claim 1, wherein said amount of SiO₂ is less than or equal toapproximately 67.70 mol %.
 16. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim15, wherein said amount of SiO₂ is greater than or equal toapproximately 60.99 mol %.
 17. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim2, wherein said amount of TiO₂ is less than 0.74 mol %.
 18. Therefractory fiber as claimed in claim 4, wherein said amount of Fe₂ O₃ isless than 0.6 wt %.
 19. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim 3,wherein said amount of Na₂ O is less than 0.3 wt %.
 20. The refractoryfiber as claimed in claim 1, further comprising one or more oxideimpurities selected from the group consisting of TiO₂ in an amount lessthan 0.74 mol %, Fe₂ O₃ in an amount less than 0.6 wt %, and Na₂ O in anamount less than 0.3 wt %.
 21. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim20, wherein said amount of TiO₂ is less than 0.73 mol %.
 22. Therefractory fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein said amount of SiO₂ isapproximately from 60.99 to 67.70 mol %.
 23. The refractory fiber asclaimed in claim 22, wherein said amount of SiO₂ is approximately 60.99to 62.32 mol % and wherein Fe₂ O₃ if present is an incidental impurityin an amount less than 1.1 wt % and wherein TiO₂ if present is anincidental impurity in an amount less than 0.73 mol %.
 24. Therefractory fiber as claimed in claim 22, wherein said amount of SiO₂ isapproximately 63.17 to 67.70 mol % and wherein Na₂ O if present is anincidental impurity in an amount less than 0.3 wt % and TiO₂ if presentis an incidental impurity in an amount less than 0.74 mol %.
 25. Therefractory fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein:said amount of SiO₂ isapproximately 60.99 to 67.70 mol %; said amount of CaO is approximately9.12 to 19.05 mol %; said amount of MgO is approximately 13.92 to 22.31mol %; said amount of ZrO₂ if present is less than approximately 9.32mol %.
 26. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim 25, wherein:TiO₂ maybe present as an incidental impurity in an amount less than 0.74 mol %;Na₂ O may be present as an incidental impurity in an amount less than0.3 wt %; and Fe₂ O₃ may be present as an incidental impurity in anamount less than 0.6 wt %.
 27. The refractory fiber as claimed in claim25, wherein:said amount of SiO₂ is approximately 63.17 to 67.70 mol %;said amount of CaO is approximately 9.12 to 17.91 mol %; said amount ofMgO is approximately 13.92 to 21.47 mol %; Na₂ O may be present as anincidental impurity in an amount less than 0.3 wt %; and TiO₂ may bepresent as an incidental impurity in an amount less than 0.74 mol %. 28.The refractory fiber as claimed in claim 25, wherein:said amount of SiO₂is approximately 60.99 to 62.32 mol %; said amount of CaO isapproximately 13.83 to 19.05 mol %; said amount of MgO is approximately16.6 to 22.31 mol %; Fe₂ O₃ may be present as an incidental impurity inan amount less than 1.1 wt %; Na₂ O may be present as an incidentalimpurity in an amount less than 0.4 wt %; and TiO₂ may be present as anincidental impurity in an amount less than 0.73 mol %.
 29. A method ofproviding refractory properties to an article, comprising:(a) selectinga saline soluble refractory fiber according to claim 6; (b) associatingsaid saline soluble refractory fiber in or with an article; and (c)subjecting said saline soluble refractory fiber to an elevatedtemperature of at least 1,000° C. for at least 24 hours.